| Psoriasis | ↓ Keratinocyte apoptosis (2) |
| ↑ IFN-α production through stabilization of extracellular DNA (3) |
| SLE | Stabilizes circulating immune complexes and allows for IFN-α synthesis by pDCs (4) |
| ↑ IL-18 production by macrophages (5) |
| RA | ↑ In synovial fluid inflammatory cells (6) |
| ↑ Apoptosis of osteoblasts (7) |
| Expression and citrullination of lung LL-37 ↑ by cigarette smoking (8, 9) |
| Atherosclerosis | ↑ Levels in atherosclerotic plaques may ↑ inflammatory cell recruitment (10) |
| May promote thrombosis by activation of endothelial cells (11) |