Table I.

Comparative analyses of viable cell recovery with the cytokines on blood DC subsets^a

	No Cytokine	IL-3	GM-CSF	IFN-α	IFN-γ	TNF-α	TGF-β1	IL-6
CD11c⁺ DCs	36.5 ± 3.4	51.0 ± 3.3*	79.5 ± 3.7**	88.3 ± 2.8**	83.8 ± 3.0**	37.5 ± 2.8	34.5 ± 2.5	38.8 ± 3.5
CD11c⁻ DCs	19.5 ± 2.7	75.5 ± 3.3**	45.3 ± 3.2*	73.8 ± 3.1**	30.0 ± 2.7*	19.5 ± 2.3	18.8 ± 2.5	20.8 ± 2.5

a After 24-h culture with a panel of cytokines in the serum-free condition, the recovery of viable cells of each DC subset was counted using the trypan blue dye exclusion test. Freshly isolated cells were cultured in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates at 4 × 10⁴ cells in 200 μl of medium/well. Results are shown as percent recovery of viable cells (means ± SEM) of four separate experiments using DCs from healthy individual volunteers. Statistical significance using paired Student’s t test (∗, p < 0.05 and ∗∗, p < 0.001) is indicated.