RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <em>Lactobacillus casei</em> on <em>Shigella</em>-Infected Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells
JF The Journal of Immunology
JO J. Immunol.
FD American Association of Immunologists
SP 1228
OP 1237
DO 10.4049/jimmunol.176.2.1228
VO 176
IS 2
A1 Tien, Meng-Tsung
A1 Girardin, Stephen E.
A1 Regnault, Béatrice
A1 Le Bourhis, Lionel
A1 Dillies, Marie-Agnès
A1 Coppée, Jean-Yves
A1 Bourdet-Sicard, Raphaëlle
A1 Sansonetti, Philippe J.
A1 Pédron, Thierry
YR 2006
UL http://www.jimmunol.org/content/176/2/1228.abstract
AB Shigella invades the human intestinal mucosa, thus causing bacillary dysentery, an acute recto-colitis responsible for lethal complications, mostly in infants and toddlers. Conversely, commensal bacteria live in a mutualistic relationship with the intestinal mucosa that is characterized by homeostatic control of innate responses, thereby contributing to tolerance to the flora. Cross-talk established between commensals and the intestinal epithelium mediate this active process, the mechanisms of which remain largely uncharacterized. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus casei belong to a subclass of these commensals that modulate mucosal innate responses and possibly display anti-inflammatory properties. We analyzed whether L. casei could attenuate the pro-inflammatory signaling induced by Shigella flexneri after invasion of the epithelial lining. Cultured epithelial cells were infected with L. casei, followed by a challenge with S. flexneri. Using macroarray DNA chips, we observed that L. casei down-regulated the transcription of a number of genes encoding pro-inflammatory effectors such as cytokines and chemokines and adherence molecules induced by invasive S. flexneri. This resulted in an anti-inflammatory effect that appeared mediated by the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, particularly through stabilization of I-κBα. In a time-course experiment using GeneChip hybridization analysis, the expression of many genes involved in ubiquitination and proteasome processes were modulated during L. casei treatment. Thus, L. casei has developed a sophisticated means to maintain intestinal homeostasis through a process that involves manipulation of the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway upstream of I-κBα.