PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Hancock, Wayne W.
AU  - Tsai, Tsai-Lung
AU  - Madaio, Michael P.
AU  - Gasser, David L.
TI  - Cutting Edge: Multiple Autoimmune Pathways in <em>kd/kd</em> Mice
AID  - 10.4049/jimmunol.171.6.2778
DP  - 2003 Sep 15
TA  - The Journal of Immunology
PG  - 2778--2781
VI  - 171
IP  - 6
4099  - http://www.jimmunol.org/content/171/6/2778.short
4100  - http://www.jimmunol.org/content/171/6/2778.full
SO  - J. Immunol.2003 Sep 15; 171
AB  - The kidney disease (kd) mutation was transferred to a C57BL/6 (B6) background by selection for closely linked microsatellite markers. The resulting congenic strain, B6.kd, was mated with partners homozygous for targeted mutations of CD4, CD8, CD28, IL-2, recombinase-activating gene-1 (Rag-1), ICAM-1, or β2-microglobulin. In most of the resulting double mutants, kidney disease occurred as readily and as severely as in the B6.kd controls, although disease occurred somewhat less frequently in age-matched CD28−/− kd/kd mice. Immunohistology demonstrated a predominance of macrophages in the lesions of B6.kd and most of the double mutants, with the remaining cells consisting of T cells and variable numbers of NK cells. In Rag-1−/− kd/kd, ∼50% of infiltrating cells were macrophages, and ∼50% were NK cells. These results suggest that the initial lesion caused by the mutant gene is intrinsic to the kidney and that the immune response that subsequently occurs can involve any one of several different cellular compositions.