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Deep Immune Profiling of an Arginine-Enriched Nutritional Intervention in Patients Undergoing Surgery

Nima Aghaeepour, Cindy Kin, Edward A. Ganio, Kent P. Jensen, Dyani K. Gaudilliere, Martha Tingle, Amy Tsai, Hope L. Lancero, Benjamin Choisy, Leslie S. McNeil, Robin Okada, Andrew A. Shelton, Garry P. Nolan, Martin S. Angst and Brice L. Gaudilliere
J Immunol August 9, 2017, ji1700421; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1700421
Nima Aghaeepour
*Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94121;
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Cindy Kin
†Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94121;
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Edward A. Ganio
*Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94121;
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Kent P. Jensen
‡Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94121; and
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Dyani K. Gaudilliere
†Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94121;
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Martha Tingle
*Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94121;
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Amy Tsai
*Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94121;
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Hope L. Lancero
*Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94121;
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Benjamin Choisy
*Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94121;
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Leslie S. McNeil
*Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94121;
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Robin Okada
*Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94121;
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Andrew A. Shelton
†Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94121;
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Garry P. Nolan
§Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94121
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Martin S. Angst
*Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94121;
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Brice L. Gaudilliere
*Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94121;
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Abstract

Application of high-content immune profiling technologies has enormous potential to advance medicine. Whether these technologies reveal pertinent biology when implemented in interventional clinical trials is an important question. The beneficial effects of preoperative arginine-enriched dietary supplements (AES) are highly context specific, as they reduce infection rates in elective surgery, but possibly increase morbidity in critically ill patients. This study combined single-cell mass cytometry with the multiplex analysis of relevant plasma cytokines to comprehensively profile the immune-modifying effects of this much-debated intervention in patients undergoing surgery. An elastic net algorithm applied to the high-dimensional mass cytometry dataset identified a cross-validated model consisting of 20 interrelated immune features that separated patients assigned to AES from controls. The model revealed wide-ranging effects of AES on innate and adaptive immune compartments. Notably, AES increased STAT1 and STAT3 signaling responses in lymphoid cell subsets after surgery, consistent with enhanced adaptive mechanisms that may protect against postsurgical infection. Unexpectedly, AES also increased ERK and P38 MAPK signaling responses in monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which was paired with their pronounced expansion. These results provide novel mechanistic arguments as to why AES may exert context-specific beneficial or adverse effects in patients with critical illness. This study lays out an analytical framework to distill high-dimensional datasets gathered in an interventional clinical trial into a fairly simple model that converges with known biology and provides insight into novel and clinically relevant cellular mechanisms.

Footnotes

  • This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant 1K23GM111657 (to B.L.G.) and by funding from the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine at Stanford University (to B.L.G. and M.S.A.). This work was also supported by National Institutes of Health Grants U19AI057229 (to G.P.N.) and 1U19AI100627 (to G.P.N.), as well as by Food and Drug Administration Grant HHSF223201210194C (to G.P.N.).

  • The online version of this article contains supplemental material.

  • Received March 21, 2017.
  • Accepted July 11, 2017.
  • Copyright © 2017 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.
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The Journal of Immunology: 206 (5)
The Journal of Immunology
Vol. 206, Issue 5
1 Mar 2021
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Deep Immune Profiling of an Arginine-Enriched Nutritional Intervention in Patients Undergoing Surgery
Nima Aghaeepour, Cindy Kin, Edward A. Ganio, Kent P. Jensen, Dyani K. Gaudilliere, Martha Tingle, Amy Tsai, Hope L. Lancero, Benjamin Choisy, Leslie S. McNeil, Robin Okada, Andrew A. Shelton, Garry P. Nolan, Martin S. Angst, Brice L. Gaudilliere
The Journal of Immunology August 9, 2017, ji1700421; DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700421

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Deep Immune Profiling of an Arginine-Enriched Nutritional Intervention in Patients Undergoing Surgery
Nima Aghaeepour, Cindy Kin, Edward A. Ganio, Kent P. Jensen, Dyani K. Gaudilliere, Martha Tingle, Amy Tsai, Hope L. Lancero, Benjamin Choisy, Leslie S. McNeil, Robin Okada, Andrew A. Shelton, Garry P. Nolan, Martin S. Angst, Brice L. Gaudilliere
The Journal of Immunology August 9, 2017, ji1700421; DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700421
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Print ISSN 0022-1767        Online ISSN 1550-6606