Abstract
Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) are a family of enzymes that hydrolyze nucleotides such as ATP, UTP, ADP, and UDP to monophosphates derivates such as AMP and UMP. The NTPDase family consists of eight enzymes, of which NTPDases 1, 2, 3, and 8 are expressed on cell membranes thereby hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotides. Cell membrane NTPDases are expressed in all tissues, in which they regulate essential physiological tissue functions such as development, blood flow, hormone secretion, and neurotransmitter release. They do so by modulating nucleotide-mediated purinergic signaling through P2 purinergic receptors. NTPDases 1, 2, 3, and 8 also play a key role during infection, inflammation, injury, and cancer. Under these conditions, NTPDases can contribute and control the pathophysiology of infectious, inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of NTPDases, focusing on the less understood NTPDases 2–8, in regulating inflammation and immunity during infectious, inflammatory diseases, and cancer.
Footnotes
This work was supported by Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Grants R01GM06618916 and R01DK11379004.
Abbreviations used in this article:
- DSS
- dextran sulfate sodium
- ENS
- enteric nervous system
- ER
- endoplasmic reticulum
- IBD
- inflammatory bowel disease
- ILC3
- innate lymphoid cell type 3
- MS
- multiple sclerosis
- NTPDase
- nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase.
- Received November 30, 2020.
- Accepted February 2, 2021.
- Copyright © 2021 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.
Pay Per Article - You may access this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 1 day for US$37.50
Regain Access - You can regain access to a recent Pay per Article purchase if your access period has not yet expired.
Log in using your username and password
In this issue
