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Regulation of Immune Responses by Nonhematopoietic Cells in Asthma

Derek J. Royer and Donald N. Cook
J Immunol January 15, 2021, 206 (2) 292-301; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2000885
Derek J. Royer
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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Donald N. Cook
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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Abstract

Nonhematopoietic cells are emerging as important contributors to many inflammatory diseases, including allergic asthma. Recent advances have led to a deeper understanding of how these cells interact with traditional immune cells, thereby modulating their activities in both homeostasis and disease. In addition to their well-established roles in gas exchange and barrier function, lung epithelial cells express an armament of innate sensors that can be triggered by various inhaled environmental agents, leading to the production of proinflammatory molecules. Advances in cell lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing have expanded our knowledge of rare, but immunologically important nonhematopoietic cell populations. In parallel with these advances, novel reverse genetic approaches are revealing how individual genes in different lung-resident nonhematopoietic cell populations contribute to the initiation and maintenance of asthma. This knowledge is already revealing new pathways that can be selectively targeted to treat distinct forms of asthma.

Footnotes

  • This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ZIA ES102025-13).

  • Abbreviations used in this article:

    AEC
    airway epithelial cell
    AHR
    airway hyperresponsiveness
    AM
    alveolar macrophage
    AT1
    alveolar type 1 cell
    AT2
    alveolar type 2 cell
    BALF
    bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
    BM
    bone marrow
    DC
    dendritic cell
    EC
    epithelial cell
    EV
    extracellular vesicle
    ILC2
    T2 innate lymphoid cell
    MHC-II
    MHC class II
    miRNA
    microRNA
    PNEC
    pulmonary neuroendocrine cell
    scRNA-seq
    single-cell RNA sequencing
    sgRNA
    single-guide RNA
    T2
    type 2
    TSLP
    thymic stromal lymphopoietin.

  • Received July 27, 2020.
  • Accepted September 28, 2020.
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The Journal of Immunology: 206 (2)
The Journal of Immunology
Vol. 206, Issue 2
15 Jan 2021
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Regulation of Immune Responses by Nonhematopoietic Cells in Asthma
Derek J. Royer, Donald N. Cook
The Journal of Immunology January 15, 2021, 206 (2) 292-301; DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000885

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Regulation of Immune Responses by Nonhematopoietic Cells in Asthma
Derek J. Royer, Donald N. Cook
The Journal of Immunology January 15, 2021, 206 (2) 292-301; DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000885
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