Abstract
Lymphatic vessels provide an anatomical framework for immune surveillance and adaptive immune responses. Although appreciated as the route for Ag and dendritic cell transport, peripheral lymphatic vessels are often not considered active players in immune surveillance. Lymphatic vessels, however, integrate contextual cues that directly regulate transport, including changes in intrinsic pumping and capillary remodeling, and express a dynamic repertoire of inflammatory chemokines and adhesion molecules that facilitates leukocyte egress out of inflamed tissue. These mechanisms together contribute to the course of peripheral tissue immunity. In this review, we focus on context-dependent mechanisms that regulate fluid and cellular transport out of peripheral nonlymphoid tissues to provide a framework for understanding the effects of afferent lymphatic transport on immune surveillance, peripheral tissue inflammation, and adaptive immunity.
Footnotes
A.W.L. was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Cancer Institute (NCI) (R01CA238163 and P50CA225450), the American Cancer Society (RSG-18-169-01-LIB), the Cancer Research Institute (Lloyd J. Old STAR Award), and The Mark Foundation for Cancer Research (Emerging Leader Award). M.M.S. received support from NIH/NCI Basis of Skin/Mucosa Pathobiology Training Grant 5T32CA106195-15.
Abbreviations used in this article:
- ACKR
- atypical chemokine receptor
- cDC
- conventional DC
- DC
- dendritic cell
- H1
- type 1 histamine
- LEC
- lymphatic endothelial cell
- LMC
- lymphatic muscle cell
- LN
- lymph node
- PD-L1
- programmed death-ligand 1
- TREG
- regulatory T cell
- S1P
- sphingosine-1-phosphate
- VEGF
- vascular endothelial growth factor.
- Received September 15, 2020.
- Accepted November 11, 2020.
- Copyright © 2021 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.
Pay Per Article - You may access this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 1 day for US$37.50
Regain Access - You can regain access to a recent Pay per Article purchase if your access period has not yet expired.