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Nutritional Modulation of the Microbiome and Immune Response

Ansen H. P. Burr, Amrita Bhattacharjee and Timothy W. Hand
J Immunol September 15, 2020, 205 (6) 1479-1487; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2000419
Ansen H. P. Burr
*Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224; and
†Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
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Amrita Bhattacharjee
*Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224; and
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Timothy W. Hand
*Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224; and
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Abstract

The evolution of the immune system, diet, and the microbiome are interconnected. Dietary metabolites modulate the cells of the immune system both directly and indirectly via shifts in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its products. As a result, overconsumption and malnutrition can have substantial effects on immune responses and inflammation. In resource-rich nations, diets high in processed foods, fat, and sugar can contribute to chronic inflammatory conditions, which are on the rise worldwide. Conversely, in resource-poor countries, malnutrition associated with food insecurity can lead to immunodeficiencies and shifts in the microbiome that drive intestinal inflammation. Developing a deeper understanding of the relationship between diet, microbiota, and the immune system is of huge importance, given its impact on inflammatory diseases and its potential as an easily modifiable mediator of immunomodulation.

Footnotes

  • This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, Office of Extramural Research (R21AI142051 to T.W.H. and T32AI089443 to A.H.P.B.), the Kenneth Rainin Foundation (to T.W.H.), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh (to T.W.H. and A.B.).

  • Abbreviations used in this article:

    Ahr
    aryl hydrocarbon receptor
    DC
    dendritic cell
    EED
    environmental enteric dysfunction
    HFD
    high-fat diet
    HIC
    high-income country
    ILC3
    innate lymphoid cell type 3
    LMIC
    low- and middle-income country
    PEM
    protein–energy malnutrition
    RA
    retinoic acid
    SCFA
    short-chain fatty acid
    Treg
    regulatory T cell.

  • Received April 15, 2020.
  • Accepted June 16, 2020.
  • Copyright © 2020 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.
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The Journal of Immunology: 205 (6)
The Journal of Immunology
Vol. 205, Issue 6
15 Sep 2020
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Nutritional Modulation of the Microbiome and Immune Response
Ansen H. P. Burr, Amrita Bhattacharjee, Timothy W. Hand
The Journal of Immunology September 15, 2020, 205 (6) 1479-1487; DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000419

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Nutritional Modulation of the Microbiome and Immune Response
Ansen H. P. Burr, Amrita Bhattacharjee, Timothy W. Hand
The Journal of Immunology September 15, 2020, 205 (6) 1479-1487; DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000419
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