Toll-Like Receptor 4, But Not Toll-Like Receptor 2, Is a Signaling Receptor for Escherichia and Salmonella Lipopolysaccharides

^*Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
^†Department of Immunology, Saga Medical School, Nabeshima, Saga, Japan; and
^‡Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080

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Article usage

Article usage: November 2000 to January 2021

	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Nov 2000	128	360	507
Dec 2000	20	173	164
Total 2000	148	533	671
Jan 2001	17	126	125
Feb 2001	10	96	51
Mar 2001	8	145	93
Apr 2001	6	102	73
May 2001	4	79	72
Jun 2001	8	68	59
Jul 2001	8	84	64
Aug 2001	3	74	49
Sep 2001	14	85	48
Oct 2001	7	63	46
Nov 2001	3	70	62
Dec 2001	4	40	26
Total 2001	92	1032	768
Jan 2002	6	73	59
Feb 2002	5	50	34
Mar 2002	9	52	88
Apr 2002	0	41	43
May 2002	1	40	36
Jun 2002	1	38	50
Jul 2002	8	49	46
Aug 2002	2	29	20
Sep 2002	6	39	52
Oct 2002	5	54	64
Nov 2002	6	29	33
Dec 2002	2	23	18
Total 2002	51	517	543
Jan 2003	7	36	45
Feb 2003	6	45	54
Mar 2003	3	39	51
Apr 2003	7	55	34
May 2003	4	32	23
Jun 2003	4	29	39
Jul 2003	6	43	36
Aug 2003	13	48	23
Sep 2003	10	66	34
Oct 2003	16	60	52
Nov 2003	20	66	51
Dec 2003	7	52	35
Total 2003	103	571	477
Jan 2004	8	45	24
Feb 2004	20	53	30
Mar 2004	8	60	42
Apr 2004	16	59	43
May 2004	9	83	32
Jun 2004	15	54	29
Jul 2004	11	47	25
Aug 2004	16	52	31
Sep 2004	7	63	26
Oct 2004	14	40	22
Nov 2004	7	65	26
Dec 2004	10	43	11
Total 2004	141	664	341
Jan 2005	20	58	29
Feb 2005	8	70	23
Mar 2005	13	71	29
Apr 2005	5	27	28
May 2005	7	46	32
Jun 2005	5	44	23
Jul 2005	6	39	19
Aug 2005	8	34	21
Sep 2005	7	37	28
Oct 2005	5	60	43
Nov 2005	10	165	80
Dec 2005	3	40	23
Total 2005	97	691	378
Jan 2006	6	68	37
Feb 2006	4	41	30
Mar 2006	7	44	23
Apr 2006	5	33	20
May 2006	6	37	26
Jun 2006	13	30	19
Jul 2006	7	25	13
Aug 2006	3	28	9
Sep 2006	1	25	20
Oct 2006	6	35	9
Nov 2006	10	46	31
Dec 2006	10	28	21
Total 2006	78	440	258
Jan 2007	11	27	21
Feb 2007	11	26	25
Mar 2007	13	21	24
Apr 2007	3	18	12
May 2007	8	26	22
Jun 2007	9	25	24
Jul 2007	7	19	10
Aug 2007	6	22	21
Sep 2007	14	30	26
Oct 2007	9	17	16
Nov 2007	14	29	30
Dec 2007	8	18	18
Total 2007	113	278	249
Jan 2008	10	26	16
Feb 2008	9	20	14
Mar 2008	18	30	18
Apr 2008	7	18	9
May 2008	34	18	11
Jun 2008	16	56	23
Jul 2008	24	19	10
Aug 2008	43	26	14
Sep 2008	33	12	16
Oct 2008	42	20	19
Nov 2008	22	13	13
Dec 2008	7	12	21
Total 2008	265	270	184
Jan 2009	15	18	14
Feb 2009	11	18	8
Mar 2009	26	21	13
Apr 2009	22	18	17
May 2009	16	12	13
Jun 2009	8	18	12
Jul 2009	23	26	10
Aug 2009	7	13	9
Sep 2009	51	8	15
Oct 2009	16	5	7
Nov 2009	19	15	14
Dec 2009	5	6	10
Total 2009	219	178	142
Jan 2010	8	12	19
Feb 2010	6	13	12
Mar 2010	8	19	12
Apr 2010	3	8	8
May 2010	11	7	7
Jun 2010	7	12	7
Jul 2010	3	13	13
Aug 2010	4	12	13
Sep 2010	5	14	11
Oct 2010	8	13	22
Nov 2010	2	14	8
Dec 2010	21	28	11
Total 2010	86	165	143
Jan 2011	20	24	6
Feb 2011	18	9	9
Mar 2011	12	17	13
Apr 2011	7	21	15
May 2011	9	12	16
Jun 2011	6	11	29
Jul 2011	18	8	16
Aug 2011	10	15	19
Sep 2011	11	5	16
Oct 2011	20	10	18
Nov 2011	19	10	16
Dec 2011	7	11	15
Total 2011	157	153	188
Jan 2012	17	21	12
Feb 2012	10	11	13
Mar 2012	13	14	13
Apr 2012	5	17	14
May 2012	16	14	21
Jun 2012	18	9	8
Jul 2012	21	14	7
Aug 2012	9	9	7
Sep 2012	13	10	11
Oct 2012	10	18	11
Nov 2012	10	12	14
Dec 2012	8	18	7
Total 2012	150	167	138
Jan 2013	24	15	8
Feb 2013	13	11	14
Mar 2013	19	14	16
Apr 2013	10	8	6
May 2013	4	17	5
Jun 2013	9	9	16
Jul 2013	10	1	4
Aug 2013	6	11	12
Sep 2013	6	10	12
Oct 2013	13	12	15
Nov 2013	12	6	7
Dec 2013	13	3	3
Total 2013	139	117	118
Jan 2014	34	9	13
Feb 2014	10	8	10
Mar 2014	18	14	17
Apr 2014	7	10	6
May 2014	15	6	9
Jun 2014	14	7	4
Jul 2014	27	13	13
Aug 2014	11	13	14
Sep 2014	13	17	14
Oct 2014	11	2	10
Nov 2014	20	7	17
Dec 2014	5	9	14
Total 2014	185	115	141
Jan 2015	9	17	12
Feb 2015	3	3	12
Mar 2015	69	23	23
Apr 2015	17	12	16
May 2015	12	13	18
Jun 2015	6	12	12
Jul 2015	2	11	14
Aug 2015	10	11	5
Sep 2015	24	6	10
Oct 2015	12	10	7
Nov 2015	14	6	9
Dec 2015	49	19	24
Total 2015	227	143	162
Jan 2016	18	19	9
Feb 2016	11	15	17
Mar 2016	15	13	10
Apr 2016	16	14	9
May 2016	12	13	14
Jun 2016	8	14	10
Jul 2016	10	6	12
Aug 2016	7	24	5
Sep 2016	11	31	9
Oct 2016	12	8	16
Nov 2016	16	8	21
Dec 2016	9	3	6
Total 2016	145	168	138
Jan 2017	9	23	18
Feb 2017	2	19	16
Mar 2017	5	19	17
Apr 2017	4	13	5
May 2017	1	15	20
Jun 2017	3	16	15
Jul 2017	2	11	7
Aug 2017	7	18	9
Sep 2017	2	15	6
Oct 2017	3	16	10
Nov 2017	4	19	10
Dec 2017	6	11	10
Total 2017	48	195	143
Jan 2018	1	11	13
Feb 2018	4	11	10
Mar 2018	0	17	15
Apr 2018	1	8	20
May 2018	1	17	6
Jun 2018	2	20	4
Jul 2018	3	15	4
Aug 2018	0	11	7
Sep 2018	0	39	7
Oct 2018	10	156	10
Nov 2018	0	65	10
Dec 2018	1	67	4
Total 2018	23	437	110
Jan 2019	1	44	4
Feb 2019	7	45	14
Mar 2019	3	32	17
Apr 2019	2	25	26
May 2019	2	10	20
Jun 2019	1	20	9
Jul 2019	3	10	10
Aug 2019	2	20	11
Sep 2019	3	99	8
Oct 2019	3	190	17
Nov 2019	1	28	8
Dec 2019	8	32	15
Total 2019	36	555	159
Jan 2020	4	42	10
Feb 2020	0	10	5
Mar 2020	1	18	6
Apr 2020	4	15	15
May 2020	2	24	6
Jun 2020	1	11	7
Jul 2020	2	10	4
Aug 2020	3	37	15
Sep 2020	7	29	4
Oct 2020	3	39	14
Nov 2020	2	23	12
Dec 2020	5	26	12
Total 2020	34	284	110
Jan 2021	3	19	18
Total 2021	3	19	18
Total	2540	7692	5579