Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Representative course of islet Ab levels (A) and their subclasses (B–D) in four BABYDIAB offspring. The y-axis in A corresponds to Ab units of GADA (▵) and IA2A (□) and to nU/ml for IAA (•). For subclasses, the y-axis corresponds to nU/ml of IAA subclasses (B) or SDS of GADA (C) or IA2A (D) subclasses. IDDM indicates type 1 diabetes onset.
- FIGURE 2.
Schematic representation of peak IgG1 responses in BABYDIAB offspring with multiple islet autoantibodies. For each offspring (shown on the y-axis) the period in which islet Abs are detected is shown by solid lines; dotted lines indicate additional time of follow-up after last Ab measurement. Triangles indicate the age when peak IgG1 responses were observed for IAA (▴), GADA (△), and IA2A (▵). Eleven offspring shown as IDDM developed type 1 diabetes at the end of follow-up.
- FIGURE 3.
Correlation of IgG1 (A) and IgG4 (B) subclasses with IAA (protein A/G-IAA assay) and of IgG1 with GADA (C) and IA2A (D). Dotted lines indicate thresholds for positivity in the subclass Ab assays.
- FIGURE 4.
Peak levels of each Ab subclass or isotype of IAA (A), GADA (B), and IA2A (C) in BABYDIAB offspring with multiple islet autoantibodies. Filled circles indicate offspring who have developed type 1 diabetes. The dotted lines represents the threshold for positivity.
Tables
- Table I.
Autoantibody subclass and isotype response in BABYDIAB offspring with multiple islet autoantibodies
Case No. Age at First Ab (yr) Islet Antibodiesa IgG Subclass and Isotype Response Age (yr) at Diabetes Onset or Last Sample HLA DR IAA GADA IA2A 4849 0.8 IAA, GADA, IA2A IgG1b IgG1, 2, 4, IgA IgG1 1.3 IDDMc 4 /9 2277 1.7 IAA, GADA, IA2A IgG1 None detected None detected 1.8 IDDM 3 /4 4262 0.6 IAA, GADA, IA2A IgG1, 2, 3 IgG1, 2, 3, 4, IgE IgG1 2.2 IDDM 3 /1 4161 0.9 IAA IgG1, 2, 3, 4 2.4 IDDM NTd 1628 2.0 IAA, GADA, IA2A IgG1, 3 IgG1 IgG1 3.2 IDDM 11 /12 4005 0.8 IAA, GADA, IA2A IgG1, 4 IgG1, 4 IgG1 3.3 IDDM 3 /4 3941 2.0 IAA, GADA, IA2A IgG1, 4 IgG1 IgG1 3.8 IDDM 4 /4 1872 2.0 IAA IgG1, 2, 3, 4 4.9 IDDM 1 /1 1085 0.9 IAA, GADA, IA2A IgG1, 2, 3, 4 IgG1 IgG1 5.9 IDDM 3 /4 1032 0.8 IAA, GADA, IA2A IgG1, 2, 3, 4 IgG1 IgG1 7.1 IDDM 11 /2 1088 2.1 IAA, GADA, IA2A IgG1 None detected IgG1, 2, 3 8.5 IDDM 3 /4 7012 0.5 IAA, GADA, IA2A IgG1, 3 None detected IgG1, 2, 3, IgM 1.0 NT 6637 1.0 IAA IgG1, 2, 3, 4 2.0 NT 5006 0.8 IAA, GADA IgG1, 4 None detected 2.2 4 /1 6226 2.2 IAA, GADA IgG1, 4, 2 IgG1 2.4 NT 3975 2.4 IAA, GADA IgG1 None detected 2.7 4 /4 4204 2.1 IAA, GADA, IA2A IgG1, 2 IgG1, 3, IgE IgG1, 2, 3, IgE 3.0 4 /1 4050 0.9 IAA, GADA, IA2A IgG1, 2, 3, 4 IgG1, 2, 4, IgM IgG1, 2 3.2 4 /4 4000 0.8 IAA, GADA IgG1 IgG1, 2, 3, IgA 3.8 3 /1 3929 2.1 IAA, GADA, IA2A IgG1, 4 IgG1 IgG1, 3, IgE 4.2 4 /11 4215 2.1 IAA, GADA, IA2A IgG1, 4, 2 IgG1, 2 IgG1, 2, 3 4.5 3 /4 1724 1.1 IAA, IA2A IgG1 IgG1 5.6 3 /4 2223 2.1 IAA, GADA, IA2A IgG1, 2, 3, 4 IgG1 IgG1, IgE 5.7 3 /4 1649 0.9 IAA, GADA, IA2A IgG1 IgG1, 4 IgG1 6.3 3 /4 1948 5.4 IAA, GADA IgG1 IgG1, IgE, IgA 7.3 4 /6 1068 0.9 IAA, GADA None detected IgG1 8.1 3 /1 -
a All had also ICA.
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b The dominant subclass or isotype responses are shown in larger font.
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c IDDM indicates diabetes onset.
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d NT, not tested
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Offspring Age (yr) IAAa GADAb IA2Ab IgG1 IgG2 IgG3 IgG4 IgG1 Other IgG1 Other 1032 0.8 + − − − − − 1.9 +++ − − + + − 2.4 +++ ++ 2.9 ++++ + + + ++ + 3.5 +++ + − + ++ − 5.0 ++ ++ − + ++ ++ 6.1 ++ ++ ++ + ++ +++ 1872 2.0 ++ + + − − − 3.0 + − + + − − 5.0 + − − + − − 2223 2.1 ++ − + − − − 3.6 +++ − + + + ++ 4.6 − − − + − ++ 5.7 + − − − 4204 2.1 ++ − − − +++ IgG3 +++ 3.0 + + − − ++ ++++ IgG2, 3 6226 2.2 + − − − − − 2.4 − − − − − − 2.7 − − − + + − 6637 1.0 +++ + + + − − 1.8 + ++ − + − − 2.0 + ++ − + − − -
a IAA; −, <250; +, 250–1000; ++, 1001–2000; +++, 2001–5000; ++++, >5000 nU/ml.
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b GADA and IA2A; −, <3, +, 3–10; ++, 10.1–50; +++, 50.1–100; ++++, >100 SDS.
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