Early Autoantibody Responses in Prediabetes Are IgG1 Dominated and Suggest Antigen-Specific Regulation

Ezio Bonifacio; Miriam Scirpoli; Katharina Kredel; Martin Füchtenbusch; Anette-G. Ziegler

Article Information

vol. 163 no. 1 525-532

PubMed

10384157

Published By

The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.

Print ISSN

0022-1767

Online ISSN

1550-6606

History

Received February 1, 1999
Accepted April 22, 1999
Published online July 1, 1999.

Author Information

Ezio Bonifacio^*,
Miriam Scirpoli^*,
Katharina Kredel^†,
Martin Füchtenbusch^† and
Anette-G. Ziegler²,^†

^*Department of Medicine 1, Institutio Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; and
^†Diabetes Research Institute and 3rd Medical Department, Krankenhaus München-Schwabing, München, Germany

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Sep 2000	0	5	1
Oct 2000	4	7	6
Nov 2000	5	12	6
Dec 2000	0	2	2
Total 2000	9	26	15
Jan 2001	2	14	3
Feb 2001	4	8	8
Mar 2001	2	8	5
Apr 2001	2	8	4
May 2001	1	26	2
Jun 2001	0	8	12
Jul 2001	3	6	2
Aug 2001	1	8	6
Sep 2001	1	2	3
Oct 2001	1	9	8
Nov 2001	1	7	8
Dec 2001	1	10	4
Total 2001	19	114	65
Jan 2002	0	6	4
Feb 2002	0	10	5
Mar 2002	0	12	4
Apr 2002	4	14	5
May 2002	1	8	10
Jun 2002	0	11	5
Jul 2002	1	8	10
Aug 2002	0	7	10
Sep 2002	0	1	1
Oct 2002	0	1	1
Nov 2002	2	12	4
Dec 2002	2	5	2
Total 2002	10	95	61
Jan 2003	4	5	3
Feb 2003	0	3	11
Mar 2003	1	8	1
Apr 2003	0	6	10
May 2003	2	21	11
Jun 2003	1	4	4
Jul 2003	5	6	3
Aug 2003	3	15	9
Sep 2003	10	19	10
Oct 2003	7	13	4
Nov 2003	9	19	4
Dec 2003	9	12	8
Total 2003	51	131	78
Jan 2004	13	16	2
Feb 2004	8	23	10
Mar 2004	11	22	9
Apr 2004	8	28	17
May 2004	8	30	7
Jun 2004	7	26	8
Jul 2004	9	15	1
Aug 2004	8	31	11
Sep 2004	7	36	4
Oct 2004	4	26	9
Nov 2004	10	33	5
Dec 2004	10	26	8
Total 2004	103	312	91
Jan 2005	14	34	7
Feb 2005	11	20	1
Mar 2005	9	26	12
Apr 2005	3	9	0
May 2005	2	14	3
Jun 2005	5	13	5
Jul 2005	3	17	5
Aug 2005	6	21	3
Sep 2005	4	10	3
Oct 2005	3	15	8
Nov 2005	4	18	9
Dec 2005	3	12	6
Total 2005	67	209	62
Jan 2006	6	9	0
Feb 2006	3	5	2
Mar 2006	7	10	3
Apr 2006	2	3	3
May 2006	5	9	6
Jun 2006	4	12	1
Jul 2006	1	12	3
Aug 2006	4	10	3
Sep 2006	5	10	8
Oct 2006	5	8	2
Nov 2006	3	16	0
Dec 2006	6	25	5
Total 2006	51	129	36
Jan 2007	4	7	6
Feb 2007	2	9	6
Mar 2007	5	17	12
Apr 2007	5	5	5
May 2007	4	15	5
Jun 2007	10	13	5
Jul 2007	7	16	5
Aug 2007	4	5	2
Sep 2007	3	5	4
Oct 2007	1	12	3
Nov 2007	6	68	10
Dec 2007	6	74	3
Total 2007	57	246	66
Jan 2008	8	99	12
Feb 2008	1	105	3
Mar 2008	4	20	12
Apr 2008	2	9	5
May 2008	4	11	5
Jun 2008	5	10	3
Jul 2008	2	16	5
Aug 2008	7	7	0
Sep 2008	2	6	5
Oct 2008	4	4	4
Nov 2008	5	11	6
Dec 2008	3	6	3
Total 2008	47	304	63
Jan 2009	5	12	5
Feb 2009	4	6	9
Mar 2009	1	9	6
Apr 2009	2	8	3
May 2009	2	5	4
Jun 2009	1	7	5
Jul 2009	4	4	3
Aug 2009	3	5	4
Sep 2009	4	15	9
Oct 2009	6	4	11
Nov 2009	2	7	4
Dec 2009	6	5	3
Total 2009	40	87	66
Jan 2010	6	7	4
Feb 2010	10	8	7
Mar 2010	6	5	1
Apr 2010	1	6	5
May 2010	3	8	4
Jun 2010	2	12	2
Jul 2010	3	9	5
Aug 2010	2	5	1
Sep 2010	1	13	2
Oct 2010	9	12	9
Nov 2010	5	11	7
Dec 2010	4	8	1
Total 2010	52	104	48
Jan 2011	9	8	5
Feb 2011	1	3	4
Mar 2011	7	10	5
Apr 2011	6	12	7
May 2011	4	7	5
Jun 2011	5	8	4
Jul 2011	2	7	6
Aug 2011	5	8	5
Sep 2011	3	4	1
Oct 2011	2	4	4
Nov 2011	8	11	4
Dec 2011	2	23	6
Total 2011	54	105	56
Jan 2012	6	3	8
Feb 2012	9	2	14
Mar 2012	6	8	7
Apr 2012	3	9	10
May 2012	8	19	11
Jun 2012	7	12	5
Jul 2012	3	2	3
Aug 2012	4	5	6
Sep 2012	4	4	6
Oct 2012	5	7	2
Nov 2012	5	5	4
Dec 2012	5	7	2
Total 2012	65	83	78
Jan 2013	9	13	2
Feb 2013	2	7	3
Mar 2013	7	4	6
Apr 2013	16	5	4
May 2013	57	4	12
Jun 2013	16	5	13
Jul 2013	7	13	8
Aug 2013	1	12	5
Sep 2013	8	11	8
Oct 2013	8	2	1
Nov 2013	0	1	1
Dec 2013	3	3	0
Total 2013	134	80	63
Jan 2014	15	2	9
Feb 2014	14	6	17
Mar 2014	15	2	14
Apr 2014	19	4	19
May 2014	27	2	21
Jun 2014	14	2	11
Jul 2014	12	9	3
Aug 2014	3	2	5
Sep 2014	2	2	3
Oct 2014	3	1	3
Nov 2014	2	5	3
Dec 2014	3	5	5
Total 2014	129	42	113
Jan 2015	5	3	5
Feb 2015	1	4	2
Mar 2015	6	2	5
Apr 2015	4	6	4
May 2015	5	9	5
Jun 2015	11	144	7
Jul 2015	5	9	6
Aug 2015	5	4	3
Sep 2015	11	5	2
Oct 2015	9	6	1
Nov 2015	4	3	5
Dec 2015	5	4	2
Total 2015	71	199	47
Jan 2016	10	9	7
Feb 2016	1	3	3
Mar 2016	5	6	9
Apr 2016	10	7	10
May 2016	20	12	6
Jun 2016	16	9	4
Jul 2016	6	3	3
Aug 2016	7	8	6
Sep 2016	1	3	2
Oct 2016	2	3	2
Nov 2016	2	4	2
Dec 2016	2	2	4
Total 2016	82	69	58
Jan 2017	1	12	4
Feb 2017	2	17	3
Mar 2017	0	20	2
Apr 2017	1	3	7
May 2017	1	6	1
Jun 2017	0	3	2
Jul 2017	0	14	5
Aug 2017	1	4	1
Sep 2017	0	13	6
Oct 2017	3	8	4
Nov 2017	0	14	5
Dec 2017	1	12	5
Total 2017	10	126	45
Jan 2018	1	5	1
Feb 2018	1	11	4
Mar 2018	0	9	2
Apr 2018	0	18	3
May 2018	11	18	11
Jun 2018	0	12	1
Jul 2018	2	12	5
Aug 2018	0	12	3
Sep 2018	0	8	1
Oct 2018	0	33	5
Nov 2018	3	22	11
Dec 2018	0	13	2
Total 2018	18	173	49
Jan 2019	1	11	4
Feb 2019	4	16	6
Mar 2019	1	15	7
Apr 2019	4	16	7
May 2019	1	31	5
Jun 2019	1	12	1
Jul 2019	1	11	6
Aug 2019	2	14	9
Sep 2019	3	78	7
Oct 2019	3	161	2
Nov 2019	4	28	8
Dec 2019	2	16	8
Total 2019	27	409	70
Jan 2020	4	21	2
Feb 2020	0	15	4
Mar 2020	1	18	6
Apr 2020	0	11	4
May 2020	0	14	1
Jun 2020	0	10	0
Jul 2020	2	16	1
Aug 2020	0	3	0
Sep 2020	4	9	0
Oct 2020	1	11	5
Nov 2020	0	13	4
Dec 2020	5	11	1
Total 2020	17	152	28
Jan 2021	1	6	1
Total 2021	1	6	1
Total	1114	3201	1259