The Vasoactive Peptide Maxadilan from Sand Fly Saliva Inhibits TNF-α and Induces IL-6 by Mouse Macrophages Through Interaction with the Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Receptor

Milena B. P. Soares; Richard G. Titus; Charles B. Shoemaker; John R. David; Marcelo Bozza

Article Information

vol. 160 no. 4 1811-1816

PubMed

9469441

Published By

The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.

Print ISSN

0022-1767

Online ISSN

1550-6606

History

Received September 18, 1997
Accepted October 27, 1997
Published online February 15, 1998.

Author Information

Milena B. P. Soares^*,
Richard G. Titus^†,
Charles B. Shoemaker^*,
John R. David^* and
Marcelo Bozza²,^*

^*Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; and
^†Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Sep 2000	0	7	3
Oct 2000	0	5	2
Nov 2000	2	4	5
Dec 2000	3	6	2
Total 2000	5	22	12
Jan 2001	2	3	15
Feb 2001	0	11	6
Mar 2001	1	15	9
Apr 2001	0	2	2
May 2001	0	6	12
Jun 2001	0	2	7
Jul 2001	0	9	5
Aug 2001	1	1	2
Sep 2001	0	3	3
Oct 2001	1	21	21
Nov 2001	0	5	5
Dec 2001	0	3	4
Total 2001	5	81	91
Jan 2002	2	9	7
Feb 2002	0	5	4
Mar 2002	2	7	10
Apr 2002	2	4	7
May 2002	0	9	5
Jun 2002	1	11	6
Jul 2002	0	1	3
Aug 2002	1	4	7
Sep 2002	0	4	4
Oct 2002	0	1	2
Nov 2002	0	5	5
Dec 2002	4	14	7
Total 2002	12	74	67
Jan 2003	1	4	4
Feb 2003	2	2	6
Mar 2003	2	5	6
Apr 2003	0	12	9
May 2003	0	6	9
Jun 2003	22	7	4
Jul 2003	155	12	10
Aug 2003	5	12	1
Sep 2003	9	13	6
Oct 2003	10	20	7
Nov 2003	8	23	8
Dec 2003	7	24	5
Total 2003	221	140	75
Jan 2004	9	22	5
Feb 2004	7	16	7
Mar 2004	10	13	5
Apr 2004	8	16	11
May 2004	11	19	15
Jun 2004	8	11	8
Jul 2004	12	22	12
Aug 2004	26	29	10
Sep 2004	14	18	4
Oct 2004	30	32	9
Nov 2004	17	30	6
Dec 2004	8	27	5
Total 2004	160	255	97
Jan 2005	8	36	13
Feb 2005	10	18	11
Mar 2005	15	37	6
Apr 2005	3	21	8
May 2005	4	9	6
Jun 2005	13	24	13
Jul 2005	4	8	1
Aug 2005	9	23	14
Sep 2005	4	6	6
Oct 2005	4	10	10
Nov 2005	15	17	5
Dec 2005	3	14	5
Total 2005	92	223	98
Jan 2006	6	20	9
Feb 2006	7	6	6
Mar 2006	9	15	5
Apr 2006	9	12	1
May 2006	4	14	4
Jun 2006	11	10	3
Jul 2006	6	16	14
Aug 2006	10	11	4
Sep 2006	7	5	6
Oct 2006	8	10	7
Nov 2006	8	11	5
Dec 2006	11	15	6
Total 2006	96	145	70
Jan 2007	13	24	12
Feb 2007	13	10	5
Mar 2007	16	18	7
Apr 2007	20	20	14
May 2007	11	9	6
Jun 2007	7	9	5
Jul 2007	8	13	4
Aug 2007	9	9	3
Sep 2007	9	10	9
Oct 2007	10	11	7
Nov 2007	15	14	4
Dec 2007	4	3	6
Total 2007	135	150	82
Jan 2008	21	13	11
Feb 2008	40	12	11
Mar 2008	14	5	9
Apr 2008	9	6	6
May 2008	13	6	9
Jun 2008	14	13	9
Jul 2008	10	8	8
Aug 2008	10	9	14
Sep 2008	4	5	8
Oct 2008	6	8	4
Nov 2008	13	10	8
Dec 2008	3	5	5
Total 2008	157	100	102
Jan 2009	10	6	5
Feb 2009	7	5	7
Mar 2009	14	6	6
Apr 2009	6	5	8
May 2009	9	4	7
Jun 2009	10	2	3
Jul 2009	8	4	5
Aug 2009	9	4	4
Sep 2009	7	6	9
Oct 2009	16	13	16
Nov 2009	5	8	5
Dec 2009	7	8	10
Total 2009	108	71	85
Jan 2010	9	4	2
Feb 2010	7	2	2
Mar 2010	17	14	15
Apr 2010	7	4	7
May 2010	9	9	8
Jun 2010	7	8	2
Jul 2010	16	5	10
Aug 2010	3	6	7
Sep 2010	15	10	5
Oct 2010	24	5	4
Nov 2010	11	10	3
Dec 2010	21	5	2
Total 2010	146	82	67
Jan 2011	21	4	10
Feb 2011	10	9	3
Mar 2011	7	3	11
Apr 2011	14	7	12
May 2011	16	9	8
Jun 2011	6	3	4
Jul 2011	5	4	6
Aug 2011	11	5	12
Sep 2011	6	2	5
Oct 2011	15	8	9
Nov 2011	20	8	12
Dec 2011	12	2	16
Total 2011	143	64	108
Jan 2012	10	5	15
Feb 2012	8	9	14
Mar 2012	38	4	13
Apr 2012	7	9	13
May 2012	15	4	3
Jun 2012	15	6	10
Jul 2012	11	8	5
Aug 2012	9	4	2
Sep 2012	21	5	8
Oct 2012	5	14	6
Nov 2012	15	4	7
Dec 2012	7	7	1
Total 2012	161	79	97
Jan 2013	10	13	11
Feb 2013	1	7	3
Mar 2013	5	7	3
Apr 2013	8	9	14
May 2013	8	5	8
Jun 2013	3	4	5
Jul 2013	6	3	4
Aug 2013	1	2	4
Sep 2013	13	15	5
Oct 2013	14	5	6
Nov 2013	4	3	2
Dec 2013	10	3	10
Total 2013	83	76	75
Jan 2014	12	5	8
Feb 2014	2	3	4
Mar 2014	2	2	4
Apr 2014	8	6	2
May 2014	7	9	7
Jun 2014	4	3	5
Jul 2014	3	3	3
Aug 2014	5	3	12
Sep 2014	5	2	9
Oct 2014	16	12	13
Nov 2014	1	4	12
Dec 2014	3	5	2
Total 2014	68	57	81
Jan 2015	8	10	9
Feb 2015	4	3	4
Mar 2015	3	6	6
Apr 2015	3	8	8
May 2015	3	4	6
Jun 2015	2	4	7
Jul 2015	3	2	10
Aug 2015	13	8	8
Sep 2015	9	4	3
Oct 2015	6	12	24
Nov 2015	5	5	6
Dec 2015	2	2	4
Total 2015	61	68	95
Jan 2016	6	7	7
Feb 2016	2	4	5
Mar 2016	9	13	19
Apr 2016	6	3	6
May 2016	2	12	17
Jun 2016	5	10	16
Jul 2016	2	8	11
Aug 2016	3	5	10
Sep 2016	2	8	11
Oct 2016	8	3	2
Nov 2016	3	2	4
Dec 2016	6	2	6
Total 2016	54	77	114
Jan 2017	2	11	14
Feb 2017	4	22	14
Mar 2017	4	13	9
Apr 2017	3	15	8
May 2017	1	26	10
Jun 2017	1	13	3
Jul 2017	4	11	6
Aug 2017	0	9	7
Sep 2017	1	8	5
Oct 2017	2	7	5
Nov 2017	1	5	5
Dec 2017	0	4	2
Total 2017	23	144	88
Jan 2018	2	13	2
Feb 2018	4	7	12
Mar 2018	3	16	11
Apr 2018	2	11	8
May 2018	1	15	3
Jun 2018	0	11	2
Jul 2018	3	10	4
Aug 2018	2	8	7
Sep 2018	1	13	12
Oct 2018	1	10	4
Nov 2018	0	11	4
Dec 2018	0	10	3
Total 2018	19	135	72
Jan 2019	0	7	3
Feb 2019	1	4	8
Mar 2019	1	10	2
Apr 2019	3	5	4
May 2019	1	10	13
Jun 2019	2	3	4
Jul 2019	0	11	10
Aug 2019	2	5	5
Sep 2019	1	3	8
Oct 2019	1	7	5
Nov 2019	0	3	2
Dec 2019	0	13	2
Total 2019	12	81	66
Jan 2020	1	22	3
Feb 2020	0	6	3
Mar 2020	5	6	4
Apr 2020	0	11	4
May 2020	1	15	5
Jun 2020	1	9	4
Jul 2020	2	4	1
Aug 2020	0	2	0
Sep 2020	1	43	1
Oct 2020	5	63	12
Nov 2020	0	46	8
Dec 2020	1	12	2
Total 2020	17	239	47
Jan 2021	1	3	1
Total 2021	1	3	1
Total	1779	2366	1690