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Future Table of Contents: Volume 180 / No. 11 / Jun 1, 2008

IN THIS ISSUE

PILLARS OF IMMUNOLOGY

CUTTING EDGE

CELLUAR IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNE REGULATION

MOLECULAR AND STRUCTURAL IMMUNOLOGY

IMMUNOGENETICS

HOST DEFENSE

INFLAMMATION

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

IN THIS ISSUE

PILLARS OF IMMUNOLOGY

Wu and Kabat 1970: A Transforming View of Antibody Diversity

Leroy E. Hood

Pillars Article: An Analysis of the Sequences of the Variable Regions of Bence Jones Proteins and Myeloma Light Chains and their Implications for Antibody Complementarity. J. Exp. Med. 1970. 132: 211-250.

Tai Te Wu and Elvin A. Kabat

CUTTING EDGE

IL-21 Is Not Essential for Th17 Differentiation or Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Jonathan M. Coquet, Sumone Chakravarti, Mark J. Smyth, and Dale I. Godfrey

Soluble IL-6R Is Produced by IL-6R Ectodomain Shedding in Activated CD4 T Cells

Eva M. Briso de Montiano, Oliver Dienz, and Mercedes Rincon

K63-Linked Polyubiquitination of NEMO Modulates TLR Signaling and Inflammation In Vivo

Chang-Yuan Ni, Zhao-Hui Wu, William C. Florence, Vrajesh V. Parekh, Maria Pia Arrate, Steven Pierce, Brock Schweitzer, Luc Van Kaer, Sebastian Joyce, Shigeki Miyamoto, Dean W. Ballard, and Eugene M. Oltz

Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Induced by IL-2 and TGF- Are Resistant to Th17 Conversion by IL-6

Song Guo Zheng, Juhua Wang, and David A. Horwitz

CELLUAR IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNE REGULATION

Plasticity of Regulatory T Cells: Subversion of Suppressive Function and Conversion to Enhancement of Lung Allergic Responses

Anthony Joetham, Shigeki Matsubara, Masakazu Okamoto, Katsuyuki Takeda, Nobuaki Miyahara, Azzeddine Dakhama, and Erwin W. Gelfand

Small Interfering RNAs Induce Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Production and Proliferation in Breast Cancer Cells via a Double-Stranded RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase-Dependent Mechanism

Michelle E. Armstrong, Michael Gantier, Lili Li, John A. Baugh, and Seamas C. Donnelly

TLR Ligand-induced Type I IFNs Affect Thymopoiesis

Marie-Laurence Baron, Dominique Gauchat, Ross La Motte-Mohs, Ali Abdallah, Nadia Kettaf, Thomas Michiels, Juan-Carlos Zuniga-Pflucker, and Rafick-Pierre Sekaly

P2X7 Receptor Differentially Couples to Distinct Release Pathways for IL-1 in Mouse Macrophage

Pablo Pelegrin, Consuelo Barroso-Gutierrez, and Annmarie Surprenant

Differential Effects of the Type I Interferons 4, , and on Antiviral Activity and Vaccine Efficacy

Stephanie L. Day, Ian A. Ramshaw, Alistair J. Ramsay, and Charani Ranasinghe

Differential Regulation of Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses by IL-12p40 in a Dose-Dependent Manner

Doo Jin Kim, Je-In Youn, Sang Hwan Seo, Hyun-Tak Jin, and Young Chul Sung

Tumor-Secreted Lactic Acid Promotes IL-23/IL-17 Proinflammatory Pathway

Hiroaki Shime, Masahiko Yabu, Takashi Akazawa, Ken Kodama, Misako Matsumoto, Tsukasa Seya, and Norimitsu Inoue

Both Radioresistant and Hemopoietic Cells Promote Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Flagellin

Catherine J. Sanders, Daniel A. Moore, III, Ifor R. Williams, and Andrew T. Gewirtz

Dissociation between Epitope Hierarchy and Immunoprevalence in CD8 Responses to Vaccinia Virus Western Reserve

Carla Oseroff, Bjoern Peters, Valerie Pasquetto, Magdalini Moutaftsi, John Sidney, Vijay Panchanathan, David C. Tscharke, Bernard Maillere, Howard Grey, and Alessandro Sette

A Critical Precursor Frequency of Donor-Reactive CD4+ T Cell Help Is Required for CD8+ T Cell-Mediated CD28/CD154-Independent Rejection

Mandy L. Ford,Maylene E. Wagener, Samantha S. Hanna, Thomas C. Pearson, Allan D. Kirk, and Christian P. Larsen

Effect of A2B Adenosine Receptor Gene Ablation on Proinflammatory Adenosine Signaling in Mast Cells

Sergey Ryzhov, Rinat Zaynagetdinov, Anna E. Goldstein, Sergey V. Novitskiy, Mikhail M. Dikov, Michael R. Blackburn, Italo Biaggioni, and Igor Feoktistov

Late Expression of Granulysin by Microbicidal CD4+ T Cells Requires PI3K- and STAT5-Dependent Expression of IL-2R That Is Defective in HIV-Infected Patients

Chun Fu Zheng, Gareth J. Jones, Meiqing Shi, Jeremy C.D. Wiseman, Kaleb J. Marr, Byron M. Berenger, Shaunna M. Huston, M. John Gill, Alan M. Krensky, Paul Kubes, and Christopher H. Mody

Kinetics of In Vivo Proliferation and Death of Memory and Naive CD8 T Cells: Parameter Estimation Based on 5-Bromo-2`-Deoxyuridine Incorporation in Spleen, Lymph Nodes, and Bone Marrow

Elisabetta Parretta, Giuliana Cassese, Angela Santoni, John Guardiola, Antonia Vecchio, and Francesca Di Rosa

Activation of NF-1 by OX40 Contributes to Antigen-Driven T Cell Expansion and Survival

Jianxun Song, Takanori So, and Michael Croft

Human Tumor-Derived Exosomes Down-Modulate NKG2D Expression

Aled Clayton, J. Paul Mitchell, Jacquelyn Court, Seamus Linnane, Malcolm D. Mason, and Zsuzsanna Tabi

Induction of Anergy by Antibody Blockade of TCR in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Specific Cells

Heather A. Wasserman and Brian D. Evavold

IL-7/Anti-IL-7 mAb Complexes Restore T Cell Development and Induce Homeostatic T Cell Expansion without Lymphopenia

Onur Boyman, Chris Ramsey, David M. Kim, Jonathan Sprent, and Charles D. Surh

IL-15 Expands Unconventional CD8NK1.1+ T Cells but Not V14J18+ NKT Cells

Masaki Terabe, Yutaka Tagaya, Qing Zhu, Larry Granger, Mario Roederer, Thomas A. Waldmann, and Jay A. Berzofsky

Circulating Myeloid Dendritic Cells of Advanced Cancer Patients Result in Reduced Activation and a Biased Cytokine Profile in Invariant NKT Cells

Hans J. J. van der Vliet, Ruojie Wang, Simon C. Yue, Henry B. Koon, Steven P. Balk, and Mark A. Exley

Regulatory CD4+ T Cells Are Crucial for Preventing CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Autoimmunity

Maud Poitrasson-Riviere, Boris Bienvenu, Armelle Le Campion, Chantal Becourt, Bruno Martin, and Bruno Lucas

Regulatory CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T Cells Selectively Inhibit the Spontaneous Form of Lymphopenia-Induced Proliferation of Naive T Cells

Colleen J. Winstead, Joanne M. Fraser, and Alexander Khoruts

Regulatory Role of B Cells in a Murine Model of Allergic Airway Disease

Anurag Singh, William F. Carson, IV, Eric R. Secor, Jr., Linda A. Guernsey, Richard A. Flavell, Robert B. Clark, Roger S. Thrall, and Craig M. Schramm

Latency-associated Peptide Identifies a Novel CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cell Subset with TGF-mediated Function and Enhanced Suppression of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Mei-Ling Chen, Bo-Shiun Yan, Yoshio Bando, Vijay K. Kuchroo, and Howard L. Weiner

Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factor Contributes to the Immune Escape of Ovarian Cancer by Down-Regulating NK Group 2D

Mathias Krockenberger, Yvonne Dombrowski, Claudia Weidler, Monika Ossadnik, Arnd Honig, Sebastian Hausler, Heike Voigt, Jurgen C. Becker, Lin Leng, Alexander Steinle, Michael Weller, Richard Bucala, Johannes Dietl, and Jorg Wischhusen

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and TLR4 Agonist Prevent Cardiovascular Hypertrophy and Fibrosis by Regulating Immune Microenvironment

Yu-Ying Liu, Wen-Feng Cai, Hong-Zhen Yang, Bing Cui, Zhi-Rong Chen, Han-Zhi Liu, Jun Yan, Wen Jin, Hui-Min Yan, Bing-Mu Xin, Bin Yuan, Fang Hua, and Zhuo-Wei Hu

Human Flt3 Is Expressed at the Hematopoietic Stem Cell and the Granulocyte/Macrophage Progenitor Stages to Maintain Cell Survival

Yoshikane Kikushige, Goichi Yoshimoto, Toshihiro Miyamoto, Tadafumi Iino, Yasuo Mori, Hiromi Iwasaki, Hiroaki Niiro, Katsuto Takenaka, Koji Nagafuji, Mine Harada, Fumihiko Ishikawa, and Koichi Akashi

C5a and TNF- Up-regulate the Expression of Tissue Factor in Intra-Alveolar Neutrophils of Patients with the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Konstantinos Kambas, Maciej M. Markiewski, Ioannis A. Pneumatikos, Stavros S. Rafail, Vassiliki Theodorou, Dimitrios Konstantonis, Ioannis Kourtzelis, Michael N. Doumas, Paola Magotti, Robert A. DeAngelis, John D. Lambris, and Konstantinos D. Ritis

Production of CCL2 by Central Nervous System Cells Regulates Development of Murine Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through the Recruitment of TNF- and iNOS-Expressing Macrophages and Myeloid Dendritic Cells

Rukiye-Nazan Eraslan Dogan, Adam Elhofy, and William J. Karpus

CD43 Regulates Th2 Differentiation and Inflammation

Judy L. Cannon, Amelie Collins, Purvi D. Mody, Diwaker Balachandran, Kammi J. Henriksen, Cassandra E. Smith, Jiankun Tong, Bryan S. Clay, Stephen D. Miller, and Anne I. Sperling

B Lymphocyte Stimulator Regulates Adaptive Immune Responses by Directly Promoting Dendritic Cell Maturation

Sook Kyung Chang, Stephen A. Mihalcik, and Diane F. Jelinek

The Macrophage-Inducible c-Type Lectin, Mincle, Is an Essential Component of the Innate Immune Response to Candida albicans

Christine A. Wells, Judith A. Salvage-Jones, Xin Li, Kelly Hitchens, Suzanne Butcher, Rachael Z. Murray, Anthony G. Beckhouse, Yu-Lan-Sandra Lo, Silvia Manzanero Alonso, Christian Cobbold, Kate Schroder, Bo Ma, Sally Orr, Lauren Stewart, Daniel Lebus, Peter Sobieszczuk, David A. Hume, Jennifer Stow, Helen Blanchard, and Robert B. Ashman

Both Th1 and Th17 Are Immunopathogenic but Differ in Other Key Biological Activities

Catherine A. Cox, Guangpu Shi, Hongen Yin, Barbara P. Vistica, Eric F. Wawrousek, Chi-Chao Chan, and Igal Gery

Chronically Inflamed Human Tissues Are Infiltrated by Highly Differentiated Th17 Lymphocytes

Jerome Pene, Sylvie Chevalier, Laurence Preisser, Emilie Venereau, Marie-Helene Guilleux, Soufiane Ghanam, Jean-Pierre Moles, Yannic Danger, Elisa Ravon, Sabine Lesaux, Hans Yssel, and Hugues Gascan

A Novel Trafficking Signal within the HLA-C Cytoplasmic Tail Allows Regulated Expression upon Differentiation of Macrophages

Malinda R. Schaefer, Maya Williams, Deanna A. Kulpa, Pennelope K. Blakely, Anna Q. Yaffee, and Kathleen L. Collins

MOLECULAR AND STRUCTURAL IMMUNOLOGY

Tolerization of a Type I Allergic Immune Response through Transplantation of Genetically Modified Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Ulrike Baranyi, Birgit Linhart, Nina Pilat, Jessamyn Bagley, Ferdinand Muehlbacher, John Iacomini, Rudolf Valenta, and Thomas Wekerle

Differential Expression of the Human CD8 Splice Variants and Regulation of the M-2 Isoform by Ubiquitination

Deepshi Thakral, Jessica Dobbins, Lesley Devine, and Paula B. Kavathas

Requirement for Enhancer Specificity in Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Locus Regulation

Igor I. Kuzin, Ludmila Bagaeva, Faith M. Young, and Andrea Bottaro

Molecular and Immunological Characterization of a Wheat Serine Proteinase Inhibitor as a Novel Allergen in Baker's Asthma

Claudia Constantin, Santiago Quirce, Monika Grote, Alisher Touraev, Ines Swoboda, Angelika Stoecklinger, Adriano Mari, Josef Thalhamer, Erwin Heberle-Bors, and Rudolf Valenta

IMMUNOGENETICS

The Evolution of Multiple Isotypic IgM Heavy Chain Genes in the Shark

Victor Lee, Jing Li Huang, Ming Fai Lui, Karolina Malecek, Yuko Ohta, Arne Mooers, and Ellen Hsu

Autoimmune Disease-Associated Histamine Receptor H1 Alleles Exhibit Differential Protein Trafficking and Cell Surface Expression

Rajkumar Noubade, Naresha Saligrama, Karen Spach, Roxana del Rio, Elizabeth P. Blankenhorn, Theodoros Kantidakis, Graeme Milligan, Mercedes Rincon, and Cory Teuscher

Genetic Differences in Bone Marrow-Derived Lymphoid Lineages Control Susceptibility to Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis

Haiyan S. Li, Davinna L. Ligons, Noel R. Rose, and Mehmet L. Guler

HOST DEFENSE

Constitutive ERK MAPK Activity Regulates Macrophage ATP Production and Mitochondrial Integrity

Martha M. Monick, Linda S. Powers, Christopher W. Barrett, Sara Hinde, Alix Ashare, Dayna J. Groskreutz, Toru Nyunoya, Mitchell Coleman, Douglas R. Spitz, and Gary W. Hunninghake

SHIP-1 Increases Early Oxidative Burst and Regulates Phagosome Maturation in Macrophages

Lynn A. Kamen, Jonathan Levinsohn, Amy Cadwallader, Susheela Tridandapani, and Joel A. Swanson

Detrimental Contribution of the Immuno-Inhibitor B7-H1 to Rabies Virus Encephalitis

Monique Lafon, Francoise Megret, Sven G. Meuth, Ole Simon, Myriam Lucia Velandia Romero, Mireille Lafage, Lieping Chen, Lena Alexopoulou, Richard A. Flavel, Christophe Prehaud, and Heinz Wiendl

Anthrax Lethal Toxin Enhances TNF-Induced Endothelial VCAM-1 Expression via an IFN Regulatory Factor-1-Dependent Mechanism

Jason M. Warfel and Felice D'Agnillo

Glycoprotein-Dependent and TLR2-Independent Innate Immune Recognition of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 by Dendritic Cells

Adi Reske, Gabriele Pollara, Claude Krummenacher, David R. Katz, and Benjamin M. Chain

Leishmania braziliensis Infection Induces Dendritic Cell Activation, ISG15 Transcription, and the Generation of Protective Immune Responses

Diego A. Vargas-Inchaustegui, Lijun Xin, and Lynn Soong

Murine Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Inhibits the Endotoxic Activity of Lipopolysaccharide and Gram-Negative Bacteria

Irene Wittmann, Marc Schonefeld, Diana Aichele, Gerhard Groer, Andre Gessner, and Markus Schnare

PDL-1 Blockade Impedes T Cell Expansion and Protective Immunity Primed by Attenuated Listeria monocytogenes

Jared H. Rowe, Tanner M. Johanns, James M. Ertelt, and Sing Sing Way

Multiple Nod-Like Receptors Activate Caspase 1 during Listeria monocytogenes Infection

Sarah E. Warren, Dat P. Mao, April E. Rodriguez, Edward A. Miao, and Alan Aderem

Mast Cell Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide Prevents Invasive Group A Streptococcus Infection of the Skin

Anna Di Nardo, Kenshi Yamasaki, Robert A. Dorschner, and Richard L. Gallo

Administration of a Synthetic TLR4 Agonist Protects Mice from Pneumonic Tularemia

Annalisa Lembo, Mark Pelletier, Ravi Iyer, Michele Timko, Jan C. Dudda, T. Eoin West, Christopher B. Wilson, Adeline M. Hajjar, and Shawn J. Skerrett

INFLAMMATION

Differential Involvement of IKK and IKK in Cytokine- and Insulin-Induced Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Activation Determined by Akt

Han C. Dan and Albert S. Baldwin

Activity of Adenosine Receptors Type 1 Is Required for CX3CL1-Mediated Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation in Hippocampal Neurons

Clotilde Lauro, Silvia Di Angelantonio, Raffaela Cipriani, Fabrizia Sobrero, Letizia Antonilli, Valentina Brusadin, Davide Ragozzino, and Cristina Limatola

IL-10 Inhibits Cysteinyl Leukotriene-Induced Activation of Human Monocytes and Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Grzegorz Woszczek, Li-Yuan Chen, Sahrudaya Nagineni, and James H. Shelhamer

Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory Response to TLR7 Stimulation in the Brain: Comparison of Multiple TLR7 and/or TLR8 Agonists

Niranjan B. Butchi, Susan Pourciau, Min Du, Tim W. Morgan, and Karin E. Peterson

Properdin Binds to Late Apoptotic and Necrotic Cells Independently of C3b and Regulates Alternative Pathway Complement Activation

Wei Xu, Stefan P. Berger, Leendert A. Trouw, Hetty C. de Boer, Nicole Schlagwein, Chantal Mutsaers, Mohamed R. Daha, and Cees van Kooten

Up-regulation and Activation of Eosinophil Integrins in Blood and Airway after Segmental Lung Antigen Challenge

Mats W. Johansson, Elizabeth A. B. Kelly, William W. Busse, Nizar N. Jarjour, and Deane F. Mosher

Antiinflammatory Effects of FTY720 Against Viral-Induced Immunopathology: Role of Drug-Induced Conversion of T Cells to Become Foxp3+ Regulators

Sharvan Sehrawat and Barry T. Rouse

Suppressive Oligodeoxynucleotides Inhibit Silica-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation

Takashi Sato, Takeshi Shimosato, W. Gregory Alvord, and Dennis M. Klinman

Nicotine Primarily Suppresses Lung Th2 but Not Goblet Cell and Muscle Cell Responses to Allergens

Neerad C. Mishra, Jules Rir-sima-ah, Raymond J. Langley, Shashi P. Singh, Juan C. Pena-Philippides, Takeshi Koga, Seddigheh Razani-Boroujerdi, Julie Hutt, Matthew Campen, K. Chul Kim, Yohannes Tesfaigzi, and Mohan L. Sopori

Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Is Independent of Complement Activation

Daniel Rittirsch, Michael A. Flierl, Danielle E. Day, Brian A. Nadeau, Stephanie R. McGuire, Laszlo M. Hoesel, Kyros Ipaktchi, Firas S. Zetoune, J. Vidya Sarma, Lin Leng, Markus S. Huber-Lang, Thomas A. Neff, Richard Bucala, and Peter A. Ward

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Factor VIII Hydrolysis Mediated by Anti-Factor VIII Autoantibodies in Acquired Hemophilia

Bharath Wootla, Suryasarathi Dasgupta, Jordan D. Dimitrov, Jagadeesh Bayry, Herve Levesque, Jeanne-Yvonne Borg, Annie Borel-Derlon, Desirazu N. Rao, Alain Friboulet, Srinivas V. Kaveri, and Sebastien Lacroix-Desmazes

The Role of Rearrangement at the Second Ig Heavy Chain Locus in Maintaining B Cell Tolerance to DNA

Yang Liu, Lisa Li, and Chandra Mohan

The Mer Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Is Required for the Loss of B Cell Tolerance in the Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Wen-Hai Shao, Robert A. Eisenberg, and Philip L. Cohen

Human TCR That Incorporate CD3 Induce Highly Preferred Pairing between TCR and Chains following Gene Transfer

Zsolt Sebestyen, Erik Schooten, Tamara Sals, Irene Zaldivar, Esther San Jose, Balbino Alarcon, Sara Bobisse, Antonio Rosato, Janos Szollosi, Jan Willem Gratama, Ralph A. Willemsen, and Reno Debets

HLA-DQ6 (DQB1*0601)-Restricted T Cells Protect against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in HLA-DR3.DQ6 Double-Transgenic Mice by Generating Anti-Inflammatory IFN-

Ashutosh Mangalam, David Luckey, Eati Basal, Marshall Behrens, Moses Rodriguez, and Chella David

Presence of Suppressor HIV-Specific CD8+ T Cells Is Associated with Increased PD-1 Expression on Effector CD8+ T Cells

Mohamed Elrefaei, Chris A.R. Baker, Norman G. Jones, David R. Bangsberg, and Huyen Cao

Innate Immunity Mediated by TLR5 as a Novel Antiinflammatory Target for Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease

Christoph J. Blohmke, Rachel E. Victor, Aaron F. Hirschfeld, Isaac M. Elias, David G. Hancock, Cheryl R. Lane, A. George F. Davidson, Pearce G. Wilcox, Kelly D. Smith, Joerg Overhage, Robert E. W. Hancock, and Stuart E. Turvey

Preferential In Situ CD4+CD56+ T-Cell Activation and Expansion within Human Glioblastoma

Allen Waziri, Brendan Killory, Alfred T. Ogden, III, Peter Canoll, Richard C. E. Anderson, Sally C. Kent, David E. Anderson, and Jeffrey N. Bruce

Local Accumulation of FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells: Evidence for an Immune Evasion Mechanism in Patients with Large Condylomata Acuminata

Yuchun Cao, Jie Zhao, Zhang Lei, Shiqian Shen, Cong Liu, Dong Li, Jihong Liu, Guan-Xin Shen, Gui-Mei Zhang, Zuo-Hua Feng, and Bo Huang

No Advantage of Cell-Penetrating Peptides over Receptor-Specific Antibodies in Targeting Antigen to Human Dendritic Cells for Cross-Presentation

Paul J. Tacken, Ben Joosten, Anita Reddy, Dayang Wu, Annemarie Eek, Peter Laverman, Anke Kretz-Rommel, Gosse J. Adema, Ruurd Torensma, and Carl G. Figdor

Tissue Transglutaminase Activation Modulates Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis via PPAR Down-Regulation

Luigi Maiuri, Alessandro Luciani, Ida Giardino, Valeria Raia, Valeria R. Villella, Maria D'Apolito, Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani, Stefano Guido, Carolina Ciacci, Mariano Cimmino, Olivier N. Cexus, Marco Londei, and Sonia Quaratino

B Cell Depletion Inhibits Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis (SAT) in NOD.H-2h4 Mice

Shiguang Yu, Robert Dunn, Marilyn R. Kehry, and Helen Braley-Mullen