Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current Issue
    • Next in The JI
    • Archive
    • Brief Reviews
    • Pillars of Immunology
    • Translating Immunology
    • Annual Meeting Abstracts
  • Info
    • About the Journal
    • For Authors
    • Journal Policies
    • Influence Statement
    • Rights and Permissions
    • For Advertisers
  • Editors
  • Submit
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Instructions for Authors
    • Journal Policies
  • Subscribe
    • Journal Subscriptions
    • Email Alerts
    • RSS Feeds
    • ImmunoCasts
  • More
    • Most Read
    • Most Cited
    • ImmunoCasts
    • AAI Disclaimer
    • Feedback
    • Help
  • Other Publications
    • American Association of Immunologists
    • ImmunoHorizons

User menu

  • Subscribe
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
The Journal of Immunology
  • Other Publications
    • American Association of Immunologists
    • ImmunoHorizons
  • Subscribe
  • Log in
The Journal of Immunology

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current Issue
    • Next in The JI
    • Archive
    • Brief Reviews
    • Pillars of Immunology
    • Translating Immunology
    • Annual Meeting Abstracts
  • Info
    • About the Journal
    • For Authors
    • Journal Policies
    • Influence Statement
    • Rights and Permissions
    • For Advertisers
  • Editors
  • Submit
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Instructions for Authors
    • Journal Policies
  • Subscribe
    • Journal Subscriptions
    • Email Alerts
    • RSS Feeds
    • ImmunoCasts
  • More
    • Most Read
    • Most Cited
    • ImmunoCasts
    • AAI Disclaimer
    • Feedback
    • Help
  • Follow The Journal of Immunology on Twitter
  • Follow The Journal of Immunology on RSS

Mouse Cell Surface Antigens: Nomenclature and Immunophenotyping

Lily Lai, Noosheen Alaverdi, Lois Maltais and Herbert C. Morse III
J Immunol April 15, 1998, 160 (8) 3861-3868;
Lily Lai
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Noosheen Alaverdi
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Lois Maltais
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Herbert C. Morse
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Abstract

This paper reviews cell surface Ags expressed on mouse hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic cells. The review will cover molecules included in the cluster of differentiation (CD) from CD1 to CD166 and lymphocyte Ag (Ly) series from Ly-1 to Ly-81 as well as some new Ags without current CD or Ly assignments. In addition to an update on mouse nomenclature, there will be a discussion of some known functions of the molecules and brief comments on the use of particular Ags for immunophenotyping of cell subsets. Several novel markers mentioned may prove useful in mouse immunology research.

Molecules on the surface of hemopoietic cells play important roles in the development and function of these cells and have permitted us to understand the immune system in increasingly great depth. In recent years, it has become clear that there is a considerable amount of cross-talk between cells of the hemopoietic system and nonhemopoietic cells, with much of this interplay mediated by cell surface molecules. This review includes a discussion of cell surface Ags expressed on both hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic cells. In addition to an update on nomenclature, there will be a discussion of functions of the molecules, when known, and brief comments on the use of particular Ags for immunophenotyping cell subsets. The review will cover molecules included in the cluster of differentiation (CD)3 and lymphocyte Ag (Ly) series as well as some new Ags without current CD or Ly assignments.

As discussed in previous reviews (1, 2), there is a need for unifying mouse and human nomenclature to facilitate communication between researchers studying these species. For mice, the Ly nomenclature was originally devised to classify genes identified through serologic studies of inbred strains; for humans, the CD nomenclature originates from mAb reactivity to human Ags. Human leukocyte differentiation Ag (HLDA) workshops assign each CD based on the same reactivity to one human Ag by at least two mAbs; provisional CDw are sometimes given to clusters not well characterized or represented by only one mAb (3). The Sixth HLDA Workshop, which took place in 1996, resulted in the assignment of novel CDs with new designations spanning CD131 to CD166. mAb submitted to the workshop are tested by laboratories participating in the following sections: T cell, B cell, NK cell, adhesion, endothelial, myeloid, nonlineage, platelet, cytokine receptor, and blind (multilineage panels). More information can be obtained from the HLDA website (http://mol.genes.nig.ac.jp/hlda) or Protein Reviews on the worldwide web (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/prow).

Over the years, the Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice has continued to assign new Ly and CD names to novel genes and Ags. Since the last update (2), many new Ly designations have been assigned; for example, the F4/80 Ag, whose gene has recently been cloned, was given the designation Ly-71. (See Table I⇓ for an update of the Ly nomenclature.) The human homologues of a number of mouse Ags or genes, including members of the Ly-6 and Ly-49 families, have not yet been definitively identified. When a mouse Ly Ag is identified as a human CD homologue, the Ly number for the molecule is withdrawn and reassigned the appropriate CD number. If the mouse molecule was encoded by a gene that is assigned a Ly number, that gene name is withdrawn and reassigned a Cd number, unless another gene name was agreed on by the human and mouse nomenclature groups. As one example, the Ly-5 molecule of the mouse, encoded by Ly5, was assigned CD45 in the human nomenclature for Ags and the gene name CD45. The mouse designations were changed to CD45 for the Ag and, initially, Cd45 for the gene. More recently, the human and mouse nomenclature committees adopted the gene Ptprc for the genes encoding CD45 in both species.

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
Table I.

Mouse Ly moleculesa

Multiple studies, including biochemical analysis, cloning, functional, and immunologic assays, are necessary to confirm homologues between species. In addition to differences in DNA sequence, evolutionary divergence between mice and humans may also be manifested in Ag distribution. Notable examples include CD2, CD90 (Thy-1), and perhaps CD34. Table II⇓ reflects several novel mouse CD homologues that have been identified via cloning, Abs, or protein probes, such as the use of ligand-Ig fusion proteins.

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
Table 1A.

Mouse Ly moleculesa

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
Table II.

Mouse CD moleculesa

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
Table 2A.

Mouse CD moleculesa

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
Table 2B.

Mouse CD moleculesa

Some molecules are particularly useful as phenotyping markers for different cell subpopulations. The large number of well-characterized mAbs has facilitated identifying cell types based on their surface phenotypes. For additional reference, a review of mAbs to human and murine CD Ags has been made available (4). It should be noted that only a few Ags have restricted lineage distributions; most cell surface molecules exhibit a broader distribution than initially reported. Multiparameter immunoanalysis, therefore, is required to isolate different cell types. Below is a summary of relevant Ags associated with cell lineages.

B cells

In the mouse, one of the most commonly used pan-B cell markers is identified by the mAb RA3-6B2 (CD45R/B220); however, this epitope is also expressed on activated T and NK cells (5) and NK cell progenitors (6). The CD19 Ag appears to be more restricted to the B cell lineage and is not expressed by NK progenitor cells (6) or by LAK cells (N. Alaverdi, unpublished observation). Hence, Abs to mouse CD19 may be used more reliably to identify B cells. Although the mouse CD20 gene has been cloned (7), no mAb has been reported. While surface IgM and IgD are expressed by both conventional (B-2) and unconventional (B-1) B cells, the expression of CD23 (8), CD5, and CD11b (9) can be used to distinguish these subsets. Other markers identifying the B cell lineage and its subsets include CD138 (Syndecan-1) (10), CD157 (BP-3) (11, 12), CD35 and CD21 (13), CD40 (14), CD72 (15), CD22 (16), Ly-68 (AA4.1) (17), and Ly-78 (RP-105) (18, 19). CD86 (B7-2) and CD80 (B7-1), although broadly expressed on APCs other than B cells, are useful markers for activated B cells.

T cells

While mAbs to Thy-1 (CD90) and TCR complex Ags have commonly been used as pan-T cell markers in mice, Thy-1 is not restricted to T cells, while CD3e expression is correlated with T cell maturation, similar to CD27 (20) and CD28 (21). In humans, CD2, CD5, and CD7 are preferred pan-T cell markers, although they are also expressed on subsets of other cell types (3). The mouse CD7 gene has been cloned recently (22); its Ag distribution remains to be determined. The CD8 and CD4 molecules are generally used for identification of mainstream helper and cytotoxic T cells, respectively. A third class of T cells with both helper and cytotoxic properties has been identified using the CD161c (NK1.1, previously Ly-59 or NKR-P1C) (23). Reported memory T cell markers include CD44 (24), CD62L (25), and CD45RB (26). Activated T cell markers include CD26, CD27, CD30, CDw137 (4-1BB), CD152 (CTLA-4), CD154 (gp39), CD134 (OX-40), CD95L (Fas ligand), CD45R/B220, and Ly-6E (TSA, sca-2) (27).

NK cells

The official mouse and human genetic nomenclature for a substantial number of the surface molecules expressed by NK cells will, most likely, soon be changed by consensus of those expert in the field. The provisional symbol for both the mouse and human nomenclature relating to the lectin-like molecules would be Klr, for killer cell lectin-like receptor. This will be followed by the letters a through e to designate five distinct families and then a number to specify each member of that family: Klra# will be used for the Ly49 family, Klrb# for the NKR-P1 family, Klrc# for the NKG2 family, klrd# for CD94 and related genes, and klre# for the MKAP family. The Klra and Klre families have no human members to date.

The CD161c (NK1.1 Ly-59, NKR-P1C) Ag is the most widely used pan-NK marker in mice. Since its expression is restricted to CE, New Zealand Black, and C57BL/6-related strains, many commonly used strains do not express the Ag. In addition, like many NK cell markers, CD161c is also expressed on a subset of T cells (23). Although CD56 (NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule)) is used as the human NK cell marker, several existing Abs to mouse CD56 did not react with mouse NK cells (3); however, a novel mAb, DX5, exhibits similar reactivity to anti-CD161c Ab but reacts with NK cells in all strains of mice tested, including NK1.1-negative strains (L. Lanier, unpublished observation). CD122 (IL-2R β-chain), which is constitutively expressed on NK cells and a subset of T cells, can also be used to identify NK cells (V. Kumar, unpublished observation). A multitude of genes encoding NK receptors, such as the newly cloned mouse gene CD94 (L. Lanier, unpublished observation), CD161a, and the Klra family members, have been characterized (28). The MHC class I ligands of these NK receptors and their inhibitory or activating functions are being elucidated. To date, no mouse homologues of the killing inhibitory receptor (KIR) and killing-activating receptor (KAR) Ig superfamily members have been discovered, although two mouse genes related to human KIR, gp49A and gp49B (B1 and B2), have been cloned from mouse mast cells (29). The available data suggest that gp49 is unlikely to be the mouse equivalent of human KIR (29). It is likely that Klra family members serve as KIR and KAR functional equivalents in mice (28).

Macrophages/monocytes

The anti-Ly-71 (F4/80) mAb has been used extensively in determining the distribution and function of mouse tissue macrophages (30), although eosinophils and dendritic cells (DC) have been reported to react with this mAb (31, 32). To date, no human homologue of Ly-71 (F4/80) has been reported. CD11b (Mac-1), another commonly used marker for the monocyte/macrophage lineage, is expressed on NK cells, granulocytes, a T cell subset, and peritoneal B-1 B cells. CD14 is widely perceived as the best marker for the human macrophage/monocyte population. In mice, the level of CD14, as recognized by an anti-CD14 mAb, rmC5–3, was low or undetectable on resting blood monocytes. It remains to be determined whether other newly generated Abs to mouse CD14 will recognize a distribution similar to that in humans. Other mAbs used for identification of macrophage/monocyte subsets are MOMA-1, MOMA-2 (33), Mac-2, Mac-3, and the macrophage scavenger receptor.

Dendritic cells

DC display surface phenotype heterogeneity depending on their microenvironment and state of activation. Their ill-defined surface phenotypes in addition to their low numbers in tissues have made the isolation of these cells rather cumbersome. DC express many adhesion and costimulatory molecules and myeloid lineage markers (32). Although several Ags have been reported to be expressed specifically by DC, mAb to these Ags often react with other cell types or only recognize subsets of DC. For separation of DC from other cell types, multicolor analysis or prior enrichment protocols such as plastic adherence methods are necessary. The Ly-75 (DEC-205) Ag (34) and CD11c (35) have proved to be more restricted markers for DC, although they may not be expressed on all DC, and they may also be expressed on other cell types. In humans, CD83 and the Ag identified by mAb CRMF-44 have recently been identified as novel markers for DC (3, 36). Other Abs useful for the identification of DCs include Ly-79 (33D1) (37), 4F7 (38), and Ly-74 (Ep-CAM, gp40), a homologue of human epithelial growth factor (39).

Granulocytes

Expression of Ly-6G is reported to be primarily limited to granulocytes; mAbs specific to this molecule, also known as the Gr-1 Ag, have been used successfully to separate mouse granulocyte lineage cells (40).

Erythroid cells

The Ly-76 Ag detected by the mAb TER-119 has been used to identify cells of the erythroid lineage (41, 42).

Endothelial cells

MECA-32 appears to be most restricted marker for endothelium (43). Other Ags expressed by endothelial cells include CD106 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1), CD31, CD34, Ly-73 (Flk-1), and CD105. CD62E is expressed by activated endothelial cells (27, 44).

Platelets

CD41 (integrin αIIb) is the best marker for platelets; other surface proteins expressed by platelets include CD61 (integrin β3) (45) and CD9 (46). Activated platelets express CD62P (27).

Progenitor cells

The classic method for identifying mouse stem/pluripotent cells in total bone marrow cells has included the use of a combination of Abs; cells negative for lineage markers CD4, CD8, CD11b (Mac-1), CD45/B220, Ly-6G (Gr-1), and Ly-76 (Ter-119) and positive for CD117 (c-kit), and Ly-6A (Sca-1), which are greatly enriched for capacity to reconstitute hemopoiesis (47, 48). Polyclonal and monoclonal Abs to mouse CD34 (49, 50) have demonstrated that CD34 is expressed on a small subset of bone marrow cells. In humans, the stem cell populations are identified by the expression of CD34. A recent report with one anti-mouse CD34 mAb, 49E8 (RAM34), however, suggests that primitive hemopoietic stem cells capable of long term repopulation are contained in the CD34-negative/low fraction, whereas the CD34-positive cells are committed progenitor cells lacking self-renewal capability (51). Other relevant Ags expressed by progenitor cells include CD25, CD90 (Thy-1), ER-MP12 (52), CD135 (Flk-2/Flt-3) (53), Ly-6E (TSA-1, Sca-2) (54), Ly-51 (BP-1, 6C3), and CD157 (BP-3).

Activation Ags

An important feature of cellular activation is the de novo expression of surface molecules or up-regulation of the Ags expressed constitutively. The mode of stimulation, kinetics, and expression pattern of any given marker may imply its role in the immune response. Surface molecules, including CD71 (transferrin receptor), CD98 (4F2), and CD69, are expressed by a wide range of activated cell types, reflecting their general role in cellular proliferation. CD69 is useful as a lymphocyte activation marker because of its expression in the very early stage of activation (55). It is noteworthy that although some markers were initially defined to be restricted to specific types of activated cells, their distributions were subsequently found to be more general. For example, CD25 (IL-2R α-chain), often used as a T cell activation marker, is present on activated T, B, and NK cells and is expressed during ontogeny on pre-B and pre-T cells. CD80 and CD86, initially reported as B cell activation markers, are constitutively expressed by macrophages, DCs, and fibroblasts and can be induced on activated T cells (56, 57). Further, sensitivity of the detection method may be a limiting factor when studying low density Ags. Other molecules reported to be expressed by activated lymphocytes include CD152 (CTLA-4), CDw137 (4-1BB), CD134 (OX-40), DATK44 Ag (TABS), Ly-77 (GL7), CD45R (B220), CD30, CD95 ligand, CD43, Ly-6 family members, CD106, cytokine receptors, and the family of very late Ag adhesion molecules.

In this communication, we provide an update on mouse cell surface molecules, including lists of surface markers that, in combination with multiparameter flow cytometric analysis, can be used to trace cell lineages and activation state. Several novel markers mentioned here may prove useful in mouse immunology research. Most of the reported mAbs and their respective Ags are compiled in the CD and Ly charts. Undoubtedly, many molecules have not been included here. Scientists are encouraged to contact the authors and the Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice to submit novel molecules for their inclusion in the future reports. In addition to this communication, information on the mouse genome and genetic markers is available on the worldwide web. The Mouse Genome Database can be accessed via http://www.informatics.jax.org. Information on germ-line disruptions of Ly/CD-encoding loci can be obtained at www.bioscience.org/knockout/knochome.htm or TBASE at www.gdb.org/dan/tbase.html.

Acknowledgments

We thank M. A. Reyes and Drs. C. Shih, K. Holmes, and V. Kumar for their helpful assistance with this manuscript, and B. R. Marshall for excellent editorial assistance.

Footnotes

  • ↵1 The Mouse Genome Database Project is supported by National Institutes of Health Grant HG00330.

  • ↵2 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Dr. Herbert C. Morse III, Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Building 7, Room 304, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892–0760.

  • ↵3 Abbreviations used in this paper: CD, cluster of differentiation; Ly, lymphocyte antigen; HLDA, human leukocyte differentiation antigen; KIR, killing inhibitory receptor; DC, dendritic cell.

  • Received September 26, 1997.
  • Accepted December 24, 1997.
  • Copyright © 1998 by The American Association of Immunologists

References

  1. ↵
    Holmes, K. L., H. C. Morse, III. 1988. Cell surface antigen expression in murine hematopoietic cell differentiation. Immunol. Today 9: 355
    OpenUrlPubMed
  2. ↵
    Morse, H. C., III. 1992. Genetic nomenclature for loci controlling surface antigens of mouse hemopoietic cells. J. Immunol. 149: 3129
    OpenUrlPubMed
  3. ↵
    Schlossman, S. F., L. Bloumsell, W. Gilks, J. M. Harlan, T. Kishimoto, C. Morimoto, J. Ritz, S. Shaw, R. L. Silverstein, T. A. Springer, T. F. Tedder, R. F. Todd. 1995. Leucocyte Typing V: White Cell Differentiation Antigens Oxford University Press, New York.
  4. ↵
    Lai, L., N. Alaverdi, Z. Chen, F. G. M. Kroese, N. A. Bos, E. C.-M. Huang. 1996. Monoclonal antibodies to human, mouse, and rat cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens. Weir’s Handbook of Experimental Immunology 5th Ed.61.1. Blackwell Science, New York.
  5. ↵
    Ballas, Z. K., W. Rasmussen. 1993. Lymphokine-activated killer cells. VII. IL-4 induces an NK1.1+CD8α+β− TCR-αβ B220+ lymphokine-activated killer subset. J. Immunol. 150: 17
    OpenUrlAbstract
  6. ↵
    Rolink, A., E. ten Boekel, F. Melchers, D. Fearon, I. Krop, J. Andersson. 1996. A subpopulation of B220+ cells in murine bone marrow does not express CD19 and contains natural killer cell progenitors. J. Exp. Med. 183: 187
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  7. ↵
    Tedder, T. F., G. Klejman, C. M. Disteche, D. A. Adler, S. F. Schlossman, H. Saito. 1988. Cloning of a complementary DNA encoding a new mouse B lymphocyte differentiation antigen homologous to the human B1 (CD20) antigen, and localization of the gene to chromosome 19. J. Immunol. 141: 4388
    OpenUrlAbstract
  8. ↵
    Waldschmidt, T. J., K. Snapp, T. Foy, L. Tygrett, C. Carpenter. 1992. B-cell subsets defined by the FcεR. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 651: 84
    OpenUrlPubMed
  9. ↵
    Stall, A. M., S. M. Wells. 1996. FACS analysis of murine B cell populations. Weir’s Handbook of Experimental Immunology 5th Ed.63.1. Blackwell Science, New York.
  10. ↵
    Sanderson, R. D., P. Lalor, M. Bernfield. 1989. B lymphocytes express and lose syndecan at specific stages of differentiation. Cell Regul. 1: 27
    OpenUrlPubMed
  11. ↵
    McNagny, K. M., P. A. Cazenave, M. D. Cooper. 1988. BP-3 alloantigen: a cell surface glycoprotein that marks early B lineage cells and mature myeloid lineage cells in mice. J. Immunol. 141: 2551
    OpenUrlAbstract
  12. ↵
    Dong, C., J. Wang, P. Neame, M. D. Cooper. 1994. The murine BP-3 gene encodes a relative of the CD38/NAD glycohydrolase family. Int. Immunol. 6: 1353
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  13. ↵
    Kinoshita, T., J. Takeda, K. Hong, H. Kozono, H. Sakai, K. Inoue. 1988. Monoclonal antibodies to mouse complement receptor type 1 (CR1): their use in a distribution study showing that mouse erythrocytes and platelets are CR1-negative. J. Immunol. 140: 3066
    OpenUrlAbstract
  14. ↵
    Hasbold, J., C. Johnson-Ledger, C. J. Atkins, E. A. Clark, G. G. B. Klaus. 1994. Properties of mouse CD40: cellular distribution of CD40 and B cell activation by monoclonal anti-mouse CD40 antibodies. Eur. J. Immunol. 24: 1835
    OpenUrlPubMed
  15. ↵
    Subbarao, B., D. E. Mosier. 1983. Induction of B lymphocyte proliferation by monoclonal anti-Lyb 2 antibody. J. Immunol. 130: 2033
    OpenUrlAbstract
  16. ↵
    Torres, R. M., C. L. Law, L. Santos-Argumendo, P. A. Kirkham, K. Grabstein, R. M. E. Parkhouse, E. A. Clark. 1992. Identification and characterization of the murine homologue of CD22, a B lymphocyte-restricted adhesion molecule. J. Immunol. 149: 2641
    OpenUrlAbstract
  17. ↵
    McKearn, J. P., C. Baum, J. M. Davie. 1984. Cell surface antigens expressed by subsets of pre-B cells and B cells. J. Immunol. 132: 332
    OpenUrlAbstract
  18. ↵
    Miyake, K., Y. Yamashita, M. Ogata, T. Sudo, M. Kimoto. 1995. RP105, a novel B cell surface molecule implicated in B cell activation, is a member of the leucine-rich repeat protein family. J. Immunol. 154: 3333
    OpenUrlAbstract
  19. ↵
    Yamashita, Y., K. Miyake, Y. Miura, Y. Kaneko, H. Yagita, T. Suda, S. Nagata, J. Nomura, N. Sagaguchi, M. Kimoto. 1996. Activation mediated by RP105 but not CD40 makes normal B cells susceptible to anti-IgM-induced apoptosis: a role for Fc receptor coligation. J. Exp. Med. 184: 113
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  20. ↵
    Gravestein, L. A., J. D. Nieland, A. M. Kruisbeek, J. Borst. 1995. Novel mAbs reveal potent co-stimulatory activity of murine CD27. Int. Immunol. 7: 551
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  21. ↵
    Gross, J. A., T. St. John, J. P. Allison. 1990. The murine homologue of the T lymphocyte antigen CD28: molecular cloning and cell surface expression. J. Immunol. 144: 3201
    OpenUrlAbstract
  22. ↵
    Yoshikawa, K., M. Seto, R. Ueda, Y. Obata, H. Fukatsu, A. Segawa, T. Takahashi. 1993. Isolation and characterization of mouse CD7 cDNA. Immunogenetics 37: 114
    OpenUrlPubMed
  23. ↵
    Vicari, P. A., A. Zlotnik. 1996. Mouse NK1.1+ T cells: a new family of T cells. Immunol. Today 17: 71
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  24. ↵
    Budd, R. C., J. C. Cerottini, H. R. MacDonald. 1987. Selectively increased production of interferon-γ by subsets of Lyt-2+ and L3T4+ T cells identified by expression of Pgp-1. J. Immunol. 138: 3583
    OpenUrlPubMed
  25. ↵
    Lee, W. T., E. S. Vitetta. 1991. The differential expression of homing and adhesion molecules on virgin and memory T cells in the mouse. Cell. Immunol. 132: 215
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  26. ↵
    Lee, W. T., E. S. Vitetta. 1990. Limiting dilution analysis of CD45Rhi and CD45Rlo T cells: further evidence that CD45Rlo cells are memory cells. Cell. Immunol. 130: 459
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  27. ↵
    Weller, A., S. Isenmann, D. Vestweber. 1992. Cloning of the mouse endothelial selectins: expression of both E- and P-selectin is inducible by tumor necrosis factor α. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 15176
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  28. ↵
    Lanier, L.. 1997. Natural killer cells: from no receptors to too many. Immunity 6: 371
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  29. ↵
    Rojo, S., D. N. Burshtyn, E. O. Long, N. Wagtmann. 1997. Type I transmembrane receptor with inhibitory function in mouse mast cells and NK cells. Immunology 158: 9
    OpenUrl
  30. ↵
    McKnight, A. J., A. J. MacFarlane, P. Dri, L. Turley, A. C. Willis, S. Gordon. 1996. Molecular cloning of F4/80, a murine macrophage-restricted cell surface glycoprotein with homology to the G-protein-linked transmembrane 7 hormone receptor family. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 486
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  31. ↵
    McGarry, M. P., C. C. Stewart. 1991. Murine eosinophil granulocytes bind the murine macrophage-monocyte specific monoclonal antibody F4/80. J. Leukocyte Biol. 50: 471
    OpenUrlAbstract
  32. ↵
    Peters, J. H., R. Gieseler, B. Thiele, F. Steinbach. 1996. Dendritic cells: from ontogenetic orphans to meylomonocytic descendants. Immunol. Today 17: 273
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  33. ↵
    Leenen, P. J. M., M. F. T. R. deBruijn, J. S. A. Voerman, P. A. Campbell, W. van Ewijk. 1994. Markers of mouse macrophage development detected by monoclonal antibodies. J. Immunol. Methods 174: 5
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  34. ↵
    Jiang, W., W. J. Swiggard, C. Heufler, M. Peng, A. Mirza, R. M. Steinman, M. C. Nussenzweig. 1995. The receptor DEC-205 expressed by dendritic cells and thymic epithelial cells is involved in antigen processing. Nature 375: 151
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  35. ↵
    Metlay, J. P., M. D. Witmer-Pack, R. Agger, M. T. Crowley, D. Lawless, R. M. Steinman. 1990. The distinct leukocyte integrins of mouse spleen dendritic cells as identified with new hamster monoclonal antibodies. J. Exp. Med. 171: 1753
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  36. ↵
    Summers, K. L., P. B. Daniel, J. L. O’Donnel, D. N. J. Hart. 1995. Dendritic cells in synovial fluid of chronic inflammatory arthritis lack CD80 surface expression. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 100: 81
    OpenUrlPubMed
  37. ↵
    Crowley, M., K. Inaba, M. Witmer-Pack, R. M. Steinman. 1989. The cell surface of mouse dendritic cells: FACS analyses of dendritic cells from different tissues including thymus. Cell. Immunol. 118: 108
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  38. ↵
    Mohamadzadeh, M., H. Jonuleit, G. Kolde, A. Pavlidou, E. Schmitt, J. Knop. 1993. Functional and morphological characterization of 4F7+ spleen accessory dendritic cells. Int. Immunol. 5: 615
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  39. ↵
    Borkowski, T. A., A. J. Nelson, A. G. Farr, M. C. Udey. 1996. Expression of gp40, the murine homologue of human epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM), by murine dendritic cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 26: 110
    OpenUrlPubMed
  40. ↵
    Fleming, T. J., M. L. Fleming, T. R. Malek. 1993. Selective expression of Ly-6G on myeloid lineage cells in mouse bone marrow. RB6–8C5 mAb to granulocyte-differentiation antigen (Gr-1) detects members of the Ly-6 family. J. Immunol. 151: 2399
    OpenUrlAbstract
  41. ↵
    Ikuta, K., T. Kina, I. MacNeil, N. Uchida, B. Peault, Y.-H. Chien, I. L. Weissman. 1990. A developmental switch in thymic lymphocyte maturation potential occurs at the level of hematopoietic stem cells. Cell 62: 863
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  42. ↵
    Okada, S., H. Nakauchi, K. Nagayoshi, S. Nishikawa, S. Nishikawa, Y. Miura, T. Suda. 1991. Enrichment and characterization of murine hematopoietic stem cells that express c-kit molecule. Blood 78: 1706
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  43. ↵
    Hallmann, R., D. N. Mayer, E. L. Berg, R. Broermann, E. C. Butcher. 1995. Novel mouse endothelial cell surface marker is suppressed during differentiation of the blood brain barrier. Dev. Dyn. 202: 325
    OpenUrlPubMed
  44. ↵
    Becker-Andre, A. M., R. H. van Huijsduijnen, C. Losberger, J. Whelan, J. F. Delamarter. 1992. Murine endothelial leukocyte-adhesion molecule 1 is a close structural and functional homologue of the human protein. Eur. J. Biochem. 206: 401
    OpenUrlPubMed
  45. ↵
    Cieutat, A. M., J. P. Rosa, F. Letourneur, M. Poncz, S. Rifat. 1993. A comparative analysis of cDNA-derived sequences for rat and mouse β3 integrins (GPIIIA) with their human counterpart. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 193: 771
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  46. ↵
    Rubinstein, E., M. Billard, S. Plaisance, M. Prenant, C. Boucheix. 1993. Molecular cloning of the mouse equivalent of CD9 antigen. Thromb. Res. 71: 377
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  47. ↵
    Spangrude, G. J., S. Heimfeld, I. L. Weissman. 1988. Purification and characterization of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Science 241: 58
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  48. ↵
    Spangrude, G. J., R. Scollay. 1990. A simplified method for enrichment of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Exp. Hematol. 18: 920
    OpenUrlPubMed
  49. ↵
    Krause, D. S., T. Ito, M. J. Fackler, O. M. Smith, M. I. Collector, S. J. Sharkis, W. S. May. 1994. Characterization of murine CD34, a marker for hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells. Blood 84: 691
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  50. ↵
    Lin, G., E. Finger, J. C. Gutierrez-Ramos. 1995. Expression of CD34 in endothelial cells, hematopoietic progenitors, and nervous cells in fetal and adult mouse tissues. Eur. J. Immunol. 25: 1508
    OpenUrlPubMed
  51. ↵
    Osawa, M., K. Hanada, H. Hamada, H. Nakauchi. 1996. Long-term lymphohematopoietic reconstitution by a single CD34-low/negative hematopoietic stem cell. Science 273: 242
    OpenUrlAbstract
  52. ↵
    van der Loo, J. C., W. A. Slieker, R. E. Ploemacher. 1995. Use of ER-MP12 as a positive marker for the isolation of murine long-term in vitro repopulating stem cells. Exp. Hematol. 23: 1002
    OpenUrlPubMed
  53. ↵
    Zeigler, F. C., B. D. Bennett, C. T. Jordan, S. D. Spencer, S. Baumhueter, K. J. Carroll, J. Hooley, K. Bauer, W. Matthews. 1994. Cellular and molecular characterization of the role of the Flk-2/Flt-3 receptor tyrosine kinase in hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 84: 2422
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  54. ↵
    Kosugi, A., S. Saitoh, S. Narumiya, K. Miyake, T. Hamaoka. 1994. Activation-induced expression of thymic shared antigen-1 on T lymphocytes and its inhibitory role for TCR-mediated IL-2 production. Int. Immunol. 6: 1967
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  55. ↵
    Ziegler, S. F., S. D. Levin, L. Johnson, N. G. Copeland, D. J. Gilbert, N. A. Jenkins, E. Baker, G. R. Sutherland, A. L. Feldhaus, F. Ramsdell. 1994. The mouse CD69 gene: structure, expression, and mapping to the NK gene complex. J. Immunol. 152: 1228
    OpenUrlAbstract
  56. ↵
    Borriello, F., G. J. Freeman, S. Edelhoff, C. M. Disteche, L. M. Nadler, A. H. Sharpe. 1994. Characterization of the murine B7-1 genomic locus reveals an additional exon encoding an alternative cytoplasmic domain and a chromosomal location of chromosome 16, band B5. J. Immunol. 153: 5038
    OpenUrlAbstract
  57. ↵
    Chen, C., A. Gault, L. Shen, N. Nabavi. 1994. Molecular cloning and expression of early T cell costimulatory molecule-1 and its characterization as B7-2 molecule. J. Immunol. 152: 4929
    OpenUrlAbstract
View Abstract
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

The Journal of Immunology
Vol. 160, Issue 8
15 Apr 1998
  • Table of Contents
Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The Journal of Immunology.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Mouse Cell Surface Antigens: Nomenclature and Immunophenotyping
(Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from The Journal of Immunology
(Your Name) thought you would like to see this page from the The Journal of Immunology web site.
Citation Tools
Mouse Cell Surface Antigens: Nomenclature and Immunophenotyping
Lily Lai, Noosheen Alaverdi, Lois Maltais, Herbert C. Morse
The Journal of Immunology April 15, 1998, 160 (8) 3861-3868;

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Mouse Cell Surface Antigens: Nomenclature and Immunophenotyping
Lily Lai, Noosheen Alaverdi, Lois Maltais, Herbert C. Morse
The Journal of Immunology April 15, 1998, 160 (8) 3861-3868;
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • B cells
    • T cells
    • NK cells
    • Macrophages/monocytes
    • Dendritic cells
    • Granulocytes
    • Erythroid cells
    • Endothelial cells
    • Platelets
    • Progenitor cells
    • Activation Ags
    • Acknowledgments
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

Related Articles

Cited By...

More in this TOC Section

  • Innate Immunity Together with Duration of Antigen Persistence Regulate Effector T Cell Induction
  • Regulatory Roles of IL-2 and IL-4 in H4/Inducible Costimulator Expression on Activated CD4+ T Cells During Th Cell Development
  • Induction of CD4+ T Cell Apoptosis as a Consequence of Impaired Cytoskeletal Rearrangement in UVB-Irradiated Dendritic Cells
Show more CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNE REGULATION

Similar Articles

Navigate

  • Home
  • Current Issue
  • Next in The JI
  • Archive
  • Brief Reviews
  • Pillars of Immunology
  • Translating Immunology

For Authors

  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Instructions for Authors
  • About the Journal
  • Journal Policies
  • Editors

General Information

  • Advertisers
  • Subscribers
  • Rights and Permissions
  • Public Access
  • Privacy Policy
  • Disclaimer

Journal Services

  • Email Alerts
  • RSS Feeds
  • ImmunoCasts
  • Twitter

Copyright © 2018 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.

Print ISSN 0022-1767        Online ISSN 1550-6606