The JI
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     
 

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Sozzani, S.
Right arrow Articles by Mantovani, A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Sozzani, S.
Right arrow Articles by Mantovani, A.
Right arrowPubmed/NCBI databases
*Substance via MeSH
The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 161: 1083-1086.
Copyright © 1998 by The American Association of Immunologists

CUTTING EDGE

Cutting Edge: Differential Regulation of Chemokine Receptors During Dendritic Cell Maturation: A Model for Their Trafficking Properties1

Silvano Sozzani2,3,*, Paola Allavena2,*, Giovanna D’Amico*, Walter Luini*, Giancarlo Bianchi*, Motoji Kataura{dagger}, Toshio Imai{dagger}, Osamu Yoshie{dagger}, Raffaella Bonecchi* and Alberto Mantovani*,{ddagger}

* Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; {dagger} Shionogi Institute for Medical Science, Osaka, Japan; and {ddagger} Department of Biotechnology, Section of General Pathology, University of Brescia, Italy


   Abstract
Top
 Abstract
Introduction
 Materials and Methods
 Results and Discussion
 References
 
Upon exposure to immune or inflammatory stimuli, dendritic cells (DC) migrate from peripheral tissues to lymphoid organs, where they present Ag. CC chemokines induce chemotactic and transendothelial migration of immature DC, in vitro. Maturation of DC by CD40L, or by LPS, IL-1, and TNF, induces down-regulation of the two main CC chemokine receptors expressed by these cells, CCR1 and CCR5, and abrogates chemotaxis to their ligands. Inhibition was rapid (<1 h) and included the unrelated agent FMLP. Concomitantly, the expression of CCR7 and the migration to its ligand EBI1 ligand chemokine (ELC)/macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3ß, a chemokine expressed in lymphoid organs, were strongly up-regulated, though with slower kinetics (24–48 h). Rapid inhibition of responsiveness to chemoattractants present at sites of inflammation and immune reaction may be permissive for leaving peripheral tissues. Conversely, the slower acquisition of responsiveness to ELC/MIP-3ß may guide subsequent localization of DC in lymphoid organs.


   Introduction
Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
Materials and Methods
 Results and Discussion
 References
 
Dendritic cells (DC)4 are bone marrow-derived professional APCs. Their hallmarks include the ability to capture, process, and present Ags to T cells and to selectively migrate through tissues to reach lymph nodes and spleen, where initiation of immune responses takes place (1, 2, 3, 4). It is known that DC trafficking is regulated. Bone marrow and blood DC progenitors seed nonlymphoid tissues, where they develop into immature DC with high ability to capture Ags. Immune and inflammatory signals induce mobilization of DC from the periphery to lymph nodes or spleen T cell areas and a shift from a "processing" to a "presenting" stage, characterized by an increased capacity to stimulate T lymphocytes (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11).

The current concept of the multistep process of leukocyte recruitment into tissues envisions chemotactic agonists as one of the key effector molecules (12, 13, 14). Chemokines are a superfamily of chemotactic proteins that can be divided in four groups on the basis of a cysteine structural motif. Most of the chemokines fall in two subfamilies: the {alpha} (or CXC) chemokines, mainly active on neutrophils and lymphocytes, and the ß (or CC) chemokines active on multiple subsets of mononuclear cells, including DC. Lymphotactin ({gamma} or C chemokines) and fractalkine ({delta} or CX3C chemokines) may define two additional groups of this superfamily (14, 15).

In previous studies we and others have reported that a set of chemokines and bioactive lipids are able to induce chemotactic and transendothelial migration in DC generated in vitro either from circulating monocytes or from CD34+ cells (16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26). The present study was designed to explore how immune and inflammatory signals, which stimulate the Ag-presenting function of DC and concomitantly their trafficking to lymphoid organs, affect chemokine receptor expression and migration.


   Materials and Methods
Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
 References
 
Cytokines

Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-3 and IL-13 were a gift from Dr. A. Minty (Sanofi Elf Bio Recherches, Labège, France). MIP-1{alpha}, MIP-1ß, and RANTES were from PeproTech (Rocky Hill, NJ). Recombinant ELC/MIP-3ß was prepared as described (27). GM-CSF, TNF-{alpha}, and IL-1 were gifts from Sandoz (Basel, Switzerland), BASF (Knoll, Germany), and Kyron (Milan, Italy), respectively. FMLP and LPS (Escherichia coli 055:B5) were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).

Preparation of DC cultures

DC were differentiated in vitro as previously described (16, 28). Blood monocytes (>95% CD14+), obtained by Ficoll and Percoll gradients, were purified by panning on CD6-coated plastic dishes. Monocytes were cultured for 7 days at 1 x 106/ml in RPMI 1640 (Biochrom, Berlin, Germany), 10% FCS (HyClone, Logan, UT), with 50 ng/ml GM-CSF and 10 ng/ml IL-13. CD-34+ cells were purified from cord blood using Minimacs columns (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany) and cultured for 12 days with 50 ng/ml Stem Cell Factor (Amgen Biologic, Thousand Oaks, CA), 50 ng/ml GM-CSF, and 10 ng/ml TNF. Where specified, DC were further cultured in the presence of 10 ng/ml IL-1 or 10 ng/ml TNF or 10 ng/ml LPS for 48 h or as otherwise specified. CD40L-transfected J558L cells (29) (provided by Dr. Peter Lane, Basel Institute for Immunology, Switzerland), or mock control cells, were cocultured with DC at a 1:5 ratio. DC cultured with LPS, IL-1, TNF, or activated by CD40 ligation for 48 h, expressed typical maturation markers and high APC activity. For instance, after CD40L activation, DC were >70% CD83+; >70% CD80+; MHC class II bright (mean channel fluorescence >900); and highly effective in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) (e.g., at 3% APC T cell ratio, [3H]Tdr uptake was >70,000 cpm; stimulation index (S.I.) >35). Preliminary experiments confirmed that incubation of DC with the J558 mock cell line did not induce cell maturation.

Northern blot analysis

Total RNA was extracted by the guanidinium thiocyanate method, blotted, and hybridized as described (17, 30). cDNA probes were prepared as described (27, 30). To evaluate mRNA half-life, DC were cocultured with CD40L-transfected J558L cells or mock cells for 48 h, and then actinomycin-D (1 µg/ml; ActD; Sigma) was added for different times (2–8 h) before Northern blot evaluation (30). mRNA half-life was determined by densitometric analysis.

Migration assay

Cell migration was evaluated using a chemotaxis chamber (Neuroprobe, Pleasanton, CA) and polycarbonate filter (5 µm pore size; Neuroprobe) as previously described (16). Cell suspensions (0.7–1 x 106/ml) were incubated at 37°C for 90 min. Results are expressed as the mean number of migrated cells in five high power fields (x100). Each experiment was performed in triplicate.

Transmigration assay

Transendothelial migration was performed in polycarbonate transwell inserts (5 µm pore, Corning, Costar, Cambridge, MA) as previously described (21). Inserts were coated with human endothelial cells (EC) prepared from umbilical cord vein, grown as monolayer. 51Cr-labeled DC were seeded in the upper compartment, and chemoattractants were placed in the lower compartment. After 1 h of incubation at 37°C, the radioactivity present in the lower compartment was evaluated.


   Results and Discussion
Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Materials and Methods
 Results and Discussion
References
 
Figure 1GoA shows that immature DC migrate to ELC (also known as MIP-3ß), a recently described chemokine so far considered lymphoid specific (27, 31). The potency (number of migrated cells) and the efficacy (peak concentration) of ELC for DC were comparable to those observed with other CC chemokines (Fig. 2Go).



View larger version (39K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]
  		FIGURE 1. Effect of DC maturation on chemokine receptor expression and function. Monocyte-derived DC were incubated with 10 ng/ml IL-1 or CD40L-transfected cells (CD40L; ratio 5:1) for 48 h (A and B) or as indicated (C and D) before being tested. Different concentrations of chemokines (A and B) or 100 ng/ml MIP-1{alpha} and ELC (C) were used. D, Fifteen micrograms of total RNA were purified from DC and used in Northern blot analysis. Results of one experiment representative of at least four independent cell preparations are shown. Ethidium bromide staining is reported below.

 


View larger version (20K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]
  		FIGURE 2. Effect of DC maturation on DC chemotaxis and transendothelial migration to CC chemokines and FMLP. Chemotaxis of monocyte-derived DC (A) or CD34+ cell-derived DC (C) was performed as described in Materials and Methods. For transendothelial migration (B), polycarbonate transwell inserts were coated with a monolayer of endothelial cells. In the appropriate experimental groups, cells were treated with 10 ng/ml IL-1 or with CD40L-transfected cells (CD40L; 5:1 ratio) for 48 h. Chemokines were used at the concentration of 100 ng/ml, and FMLP at the concentration of 10-7 M.

 
Previous studies have shown that microbial products (e.g., LPS), inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1 and TNF), and CD40 ligation induce DC maturation (1, 2, 3, 4). Figure 1Go, A and B, shows that DC stimulated with IL-1 or CD40L for 48 h migrated with an increased potency in response to ELC (5.6- ± 1.5-fold and 3.5- ± 1-fold increase over control cells for CD40L and IL-1, respectively; n = 4) but completely lost their ability to respond to MIP-1{alpha}. The effect of IL-1 and CD40L stimulation on DC migration to ELC was detectable after 24 h stimulation and was maximal after 48 h (Fig. 1GoC). In contrast, the inhibitory effect on the MIP-1{alpha} response was much faster. Both IL-1 and CD40L were already active after 1 h stimulation (>70% inhibition; n = 2), and the inhibition was nearly maximal (>80%) after 4 h (Fig. 1GoC, and data not shown).

Northern blot experiments showed that mRNA levels for CCR7, the ELC receptor (27), were barely detectable, in immature DC and after 4 h stimulation with CD40L, but were strongly up-regulated after 24 to 48 h stimulation (Fig. 1GoD). Up-regulation of CCR7 expression in CD40L-stimulated DC was 63- ± 13-fold (n = 7; range 15- to 103-fold). On the contrary, expression of CCR1 and CCR5, the two main CC chemokine receptors in DC (17, 23), was inhibited in CD40L-treated DC, and inhibition was nearly maximal after 4 h (Fig. 1GoD). This effect was associated with a decreased half-life of CCR1 mRNA (2.5 and 1.5 h for control and CD40L-stimulated cells, respectively). These results are reminiscent of regulation of chemokine receptor mRNA levels in monocytes centered on transcript stability (30, 32, 33).

The inhibitory effect of CD40 ligation was present also when other chemotactic agonists were used. MIP-1ß and RANTES, two other CCR1 and CCR5 ligands, and formylated peptides (FMLP), a prototypic bacterial chemotactic stimulus that binds an unrelated receptor, were completely inhibited after DC activation by CD40L (Fig. 2GoA). When transendothelial migration was investigated, DC stimulated with CD40L transmigrated across endothelium in response to ELC more effectively than control cells. In contrast, the response to CCR1 and CCR5 ligands (MIP-1{alpha}, RANTES, and MIP-1ß) was completely abrogated in CD40L-stimulated DC (Fig. 2GoB).

Previous studies have revealed heterogeneity among DC in responsiveness to chemokines. In particular, CCR6 was expressed only on DC obtained from CD34+ precursors and not on monocyte-derived DC, and only the former responded to MIP-3{alpha}/liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC)/Exodus (20, 22). Therefore, the effect of maturation on the chemotactic response of DC derived from CD34+ cord blood cells was also investigated. As shown in Figure 2GoC, CD34-derived DC migrated to MIP-1{alpha} and ELC with approximately equal efficiency. Activation of CD34-derived DC by IL-1 or CD40L for 48 h strongly increased the response to ELC and, concomitantly, reduced the migration to MIP-1{alpha}. Similar results were obtained with mouse CD34+ cell-derived DC (A. Vecchi and A. Mantovani, unpublished observations). TNF and LPS, two molecules that share with CD40L the ability to trigger DC maturation, also inhibited DC migration to MIP-1{alpha} and up-regulated the chemotactic response to ELC (Fig. 3GoA). In parallel, CCR1 and CCR5 expression was down-regulated, while CCR7 expression was strongly increased (Fig. 3GoB).



View larger version (42K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]
  		FIGURE 3. Effect of TNF and LPS on CCR1, CCR2, and CCR7 expression and function. Monocyte-derived DC were incubated with TNF or LPS (10 ng/ml), or with CD40L-transfected cells (CD40L), or mock control cells (5:1 ratio), for 48 h before being tested. A, Chemotaxis was performed as described in Figure 1Go using the optimal concentration of 100 ng/ml MIP-1{alpha} and ELC. B, Fifteen micrograms of total RNA were purified from DC and used in Northern blot analysis. Results of one experiment representative of at least four independent cell preparations are shown. Ethidium bromide staining is reported below.

 
Immune and inflammatory stimuli or microbial products induce maturation of DC with acquisition of full Ag-presenting capacity (1, 2, 3, 4). In vivo, the same signals induce trafficking of DC to lymph nodes or spleen, where they present Ag (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11). The results here presented show that IL-1, TNF, LPS, and CD40 ligation differentially regulate expression of chemokine receptors and responsiveness to their respective ligands. The same signals abrogated the chemotactic response to CCR1 and CCR5 ligands and reduced the mRNA expression of the two receptors. Inhibition of chemotaxis was almost maximal at times (<1 h) at which chemokine production (i.e., MIP-1{alpha}, RANTES, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1) was undetectable by sensitive ELISA (data not shown) and included also the response to FMLP, an unrelated chemotactic factor of bacterial origin.

Activation of DC with IL-1, TNF, LPS, and CD40L strongly augmented the chemotactic response to ELC and the expression of CCR7, the ELC receptor. This CC chemokine, previously considered lymphoid specific (27, 31), is at present the strongest agonist for chemotaxis and transendothelial migration for DC. Interestingly, inhibition of response to the inducible CCR1 and CCR5 agonists preceded augmentation of the ELC response (see Fig. 1GoC). These results are consistent with a "weigh anchor/hoist the sail" model, based on changes in chemokine receptors, for the trafficking to lymphoid organs of DC after Ag capture. Inhibition of responsiveness to inducible chemokines, such as MIP-1{alpha}, MIP-1ß, or RANTES, would allow Ag-loaded DC to leave sites of infection and inflammation ("weigh anchor"). Conversely, the slower induction of expression of CCR7 would prepare trafficking DC to respond to ELC ("hoist the sail"), which is constitutively expressed in lymphoid organs and would be instrumental to arrest (34) and transmigration at these sites.


   Footnotes
 
1 This study was supported by Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) and by special project AIDS (40A.0.66) from Istituto Superiore Sanità. R.B. is the recipient of a fellowship from Fondazione A. and A. Valenti. Back

2 S.S. and P.A. equally contributed to this study. Back

3 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Silvano Sozzani, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy. E-mail address: Back

4 Abbreviations used in this paper:DC, dendritic cell; MIP-3ß, macrophage inflammatory protein-3ß; ELC, EBI1 ligand chemokine; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage CSF. Back

Received for publication April 27, 1998. Accepted for publication June 2, 1998.


   References
Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Materials and Methods
 Results and Discussion
 References
 

  1. Steinman, R. M.. 1991. The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9:271.[Medline]
  2. Banchereau, J., R. M. Steinman. 1998. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 392:245.[Medline]
  3. Cella, M., F. Sallusto, A. Lanzavecchia. 1997. Origin, maturation and antigen presenting function of dendritic cells. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 9:10.[Medline]
  4. Hart, D. N. J.. 1997. Dendritic cells: unique leukocyte populations which control the primary immune response. Blood 90:3245.[Free Full Text]
  5. Austyn, J. M.. 1996. New insights into the mobilization and phagocytic activity of dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 183:1287.[Free Full Text]
  6. McWilliam, A. S., D. Nelson, J. A. Thomas, P. G. Holt. 1994. Rapid dendritic cell recruitment is a hallmark of the acute inflammatory response at mucosal surfaces. J. Exp. Med. 179:1331.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  7. Macpherson, G. G., C. D. Jenkins, M. J. Stein, C. Edwards. 1995. Endotoxin-mediated dendritic cell release from the intestine: characterization of released dendritic cells and TNF dependence. J. Immunol. 154:1317.[Abstract]
  8. Roake, J. A., A. S. Rao, P. J. Morris, C. P. Larsen, D. F. Hankins, J. M. Austyn. 1995. Dendritic cell loss from nonlymphoid tissues after systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide, TNF, and interleukin 1. J. Exp. Med. 181:2237.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  9. De Smedt, T., B. Pajak, E. Muraille, L. Lespagnard, E. Heinen, P. Debaetselier, J. Urbain, O. Leo, M. Moser. 1996. Regulation of dendritic cell numbers and maturation by lipopolysaccharide in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 184:1413.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  10. Matsuno, K., T. Ezaki, S. Kudo, Y. Uehara. 1996. A life stage of particle-laden rat dendritic cells in vivo: their terminal division, active phagocytosis, and translocation from the liver to the draining lymph. J. Exp. Med. 183:1865.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  11. Xia, W. J., C. E. Pinto, R. L. Kradin. 1995. The antigen-presenting activities of Ia(+) dendritic cells shift dynamically from lung to lymph node after an airway challenge with soluble antigen. J. Exp. Med. 181:1275.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  12. Springer, T. A.. 1994. Traffic signal for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: the mutistep paradigm. Cell 76:301.[Medline]
  13. Butcher, E. C.. 1991. Leukocyte-endothelial cell recognition: three (or more) steps to specificity and diversity. Cell 67:1033.[Medline]
  14. Rollins, B. J.. 1997. Chemokines. Blood 90:909.[Free Full Text]
  15. Baggiolini, M., B. Dewald, B. Moser. 1997. Human chemokines: an update. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15:675.[Medline]
  16. Sozzani, S., F. Sallusto, W. Luini, D. Zhou, L. Piemonti, P. Allavena, J. Van Damme, S. Valitutti, A. Lanzavecchia, A. Mantovani. 1995. Migration of dendritic cells in response to formyl peptides, C5a and a distinct set of chemokines. J. Immunol. 155:3292.[Abstract]
  17. Sozzani, S., W. Luini, A. Borsatti, N. Polentarutti, D. Zhou, L. Piemonti, G. D’Amico, C. A. Power, T. N. Wells, M. Gobbi, P. Allavena, A. Mantovani. 1997. Receptor expression and responsiveness of human dendritic cells to a defined set of CC and CXC chemokines. J. Immunol. 159:1993.[Abstract]
  18. Morelli, A., A. Larregina, E. Chuluyan, E. Kolkowski, L. Fainboim. 1996. Expression and modulation of C5a receptor (CD88) on skin dendritic cells: chemotactic effect of C5a on skin migratory dendritic cells. Immunology 89:126.[Medline]
  19. Godiska, R., D. Chantry, C. J. Raport, S. Sozzani, P. Allavena, D. Leviten, A. Mantovani, P. W. Gray. 1997. Human macrophage derived chemokine (MDC) a novel chemoattractant for monocytes, monocyte derived dendritic cells, and NK cells. J. Exp. Med. 185:1595.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  20. Power, C. A., D. J. Church, A. Meyer, S. Alouani, A. E. I. Proudfoot, I. Clark-Lewis, S. Sozzani, A. Mantovani, T. N. C. Wells. 1997. Cloning and characterization of a specific receptor for the novel CC chemokine MIP-3{alpha} from lung dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 186:825.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  21. D’Amico, G., G. Bianchi, S. Bernasconi, L. Bersani, L. Piemonti, S. Sozzani, A. Mantovani, and P. Allavena. 1998. Adhesion, transendothelial migration and reverse transmigration of in vitro cultured dendritic cells. Blood 92: In press.
  22. Greaves, D. R., W. Wang, D. J. Dairaghi, M. C. Dieu, B. de Saint-Vis, K. Franz-Bacon, D. Rossi, C. Caux, T. McClanahan, S. Gordon, A. Zlotnik, T. J. Schall. 1997. CCR6, a CC chemokine receptor that interacts with macrophage inflammatory protein-3{alpha} and is highly expressed in human dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 186:837.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  23. Granelli-Piperno, A., B. Moser, M. Pope, D. L. Chen, Y. Wei, F. Isdell, U. ODoherty, W. Paxton, R. Koup, S. Mojsov, N. Bhardwaj, I. Clarklewis, M. Baggiolini, R. M. Steinman. 1996. Efficient interaction of HIV-1 with purified dendritic cells via multiple chemokine coreceptors. J. Exp. Med. 184:2433.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  24. Xu, L. L., M. K. Warren, W. L. Rose, W. H. Gong, J. M. Wang. 1996. Human recombinant monocyte chemotactic protein and other c-c chemokines bind and induce directional migration of dendritic cells in vitro. J. Leukocyte Biol. 60:365.[Abstract]
  25. Sozzani, S., D. Longoni, R. Bonecchi, W. Luini, L. Bersani, G. D’Amico, A. Borsatti, F. Bussolino, P. Allavena, A. Mantovani. 1997. Human monocyte-derived and CD34+ cell-derived dendritic cells express functional receptors for platelet activating factor. FEBS Lett. 418:98.[Medline]
  26. Ayehnie, S., E. A. Garcia-Zepeda, J. A. Hoxie, R. Horuk, T. S. Kupper, A. D. Luster, R. M. Ruprecht. 1997. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 entry into purified blood dendritic cells through CC and CXC chemokine coreceptors. Blood 90:1379.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  27. Yoshida, R., T. Imai, K. Hieshima, J. Kusuda, M. Baba, M. Kitaura, M. Nishimura, M. Kakizaki, H. Nomiyama, O. Yoshie. 1997. Molecular cloning of a novel human CC chemokine EBI1-ligand chemokine that is a specific functional ligand for EBI1, CCR7. J. Biol. Chem. 272:13803.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  28. Piemonti, L., S. Bernasconi, W. Luini, Z. Trobonjaca, A. Minty, P. Allavena, A. Mantovani. 1995. IL-13 supports differentiation of dendritic cells from circulating precursors in concert with GM-CSF. Eur. Cytokine Netw 6:245.[Medline]
  29. Cella, M., D. Scheidegger, K. Palmerlehmann, P. Lane, A. Lanzavecchia, G. Alber. 1996. Ligation of CD40 on dendritic cells triggers production of high levels of interleukin-12 and enhances T cell stimulatory capacity: T-T help via APC activation. J. Exp. Med. 184:747.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  30. Sozzani, S., S. Ghezzi, G. Iannolo, W. Luini, A. Borsatti, N. Polentarutti, A. Sica, M. Locati, C. Mackay, T. N. C. Wells, P. Biswas, E. Vicenzi, G. Poli, A. Mantovani. 1998. Interleukin-10 increases CCR5 expression and HIV infection in human monocytes. J. Exp. Med. 187:439.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  31. Rossi, D. L., A. P. Vicari, K. Franz-Bacon, T. K. McClanahan, A. Zlotnik. 1997. Identification through bioinformatics of two new macrophage proinflammatory human chemokines MIP-3{alpha} and MIP-3ß. J. Immunol. 158:1033.[Abstract]
  32. Sica, A., A. Saccani, A. Borsatti, C. A. Power, T. N. C. Wells, W. Luini, N. Polentarutti, S. Sozzani, A. Mantovani. 1997. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide rapidly inhibits expression of C-C chemokine receptors in human monocytes. J. Exp. Med. 185:969.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  33. Penton-Rol, G., N. Polentarutti, W. Luini, A. Borsatti, R. Mancinelli, A. Sica, S. Sozzani, A. Mantovani. 1998. Selective inhibition of expression of the chemokine receptor CCR2 in human monocytes by IFN-{gamma}. J. Immunol. 160:3869.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  34. Campbell, J. J., J. Hedrick, A. Zlotnik, M. A. Siani, D. A. Thompson, E. C. Butcher. 1998. Chemokines and the arrest of lymphocytes rolling under flow conditions. Science 279:381.[Abstract/Free Full Text]



This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
D. A. Fraser, A. K. Laust, E. L. Nelson, and A. J. Tenner
C1q Differentially Modulates Phagocytosis and Cytokine Responses during Ingestion of Apoptotic Cells by Human Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., November 15, 2009; 183(10): 6175 - 6185.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DMMHome page
B. A. Degar and B. J. Rollins
Langerhans cell histiocytosis: malignancy or inflammatory disorder doing a great job of imitating one?
Dis. Model. Mech., September 1, 2009; 2(9-10): 436 - 439.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. Barroso-Gonzalez, N. El Jaber-Vazdekis, L. Garcia-Exposito, J.-D. Machado, R. Zarate, A. G. Ravelo, A. Estevez-Braun, and A. Valenzuela-Fernandez
The Lupane-type Triterpene 30-Oxo-calenduladiol Is a CCR5 Antagonist with Anti-HIV-1 and Anti-chemotactic Activities
J. Biol. Chem., June 12, 2009; 284(24): 16609 - 16620.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
C. S. McKimmie, M. Moore, A. R. Fraser, T. Jamieson, D. Xu, C. Burt, N. I. Pitman, R. J. Nibbs, I. B. McInnes, F. Y. Liew, et al.
A TLR2 ligand suppresses inflammation by modulation of chemokine receptors and redirection of leukocyte migration
Blood, April 30, 2009; 113(18): 4224 - 4231.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Gen. Virol.Home page
M. Abt, E. Gassert, and S. Schneider-Schaulies
Measles virus modulates chemokine release and chemotactic responses of dendritic cells
J. Gen. Virol., April 1, 2009; 90(4): 909 - 914.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
M. Spadaro, C. Caorsi, P. Ceruti, A. Varadhachary, G. Forni, F. Pericle, and M. Giovarelli
Lactoferrin, a major defense protein of innate immunity, is a novel maturation factor for human dendritic cells
FASEB J, August 1, 2008; 22(8): 2747 - 2757.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
B. Vasir, Z. Wu, K. Crawford, J. Rosenblatt, C. Zarwan, A. Bissonnette, D. Kufe, and D. Avigan
Fusions of Dendritic Cells with Breast Carcinoma Stimulate the Expansion of Regulatory T Cells while Concomitant Exposure to IL-12, CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides, and Anti-CD3/CD28 Promotes the Expansion of Activated Tumor Reactive Cells
J. Immunol., July 1, 2008; 181(1): 808 - 821.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Gen. Virol.Home page
V. R. Cicinnati, J. Kang, G. C. Sotiropoulos, P. Hilgard, A. Frilling, C. E. Broelsch, G. Gerken, and S. Beckebaum
Altered chemotactic response of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells from patients with chronic hepatitis C: role of alpha interferon
J. Gen. Virol., May 1, 2008; 89(5): 1243 - 1253.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
M. A. Arias, G. Jaramillo, Y. P. Lopez, N. Mejia, C. Mejia, A. E. Pantoja, R. J. Shattock, L. F. Garcia, and G. E. Griffin
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens Specifically Modulate CCR2 and MCP-1/CCL2 on Lymphoid Cells from Human Pulmonary Hilar Lymph Nodes
J. Immunol., December 15, 2007; 179(12): 8381 - 8391.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
G. Bouma, S. Burns, and A. J. Thrasher
Impaired T-cell priming in vivo resulting from dysfunction of WASp-deficient dendritic cells
Blood, December 15, 2007; 110(13): 4278 - 4284.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
P. Krause, E. Singer, P. I. Darley, J. Klebensberger, M. Groettrup, and D. F. Legler
Prostaglandin E2 is a key factor for monocyte-derived dendritic cell maturation: enhanced T cell stimulatory capacity despite IDO
J. Leukoc. Biol., November 1, 2007; 82(5): 1106 - 1114.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
S. J. Jenkins, G. Perona-Wright, A. G. F. Worsley, N. Ishii, and A. S. MacDonald
Dendritic Cell Expression of OX40 Ligand Acts as a Costimulatory, Not Polarizing, Signal for Optimal Th2 Priming and Memory Induction In Vivo
J. Immunol., September 15, 2007; 179(6): 3515 - 3523.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
C. Schroder, R. N. Pierson III, B.-N. H. Nguyen, D. W. Kawka, L. B. Peterson, G. Wu, T. Zhang, M. S. Springer, S. J. Siciliano, S. Iliff, et al.
CCR5 Blockade Modulates Inflammation and Alloimmunity in Primates
J. Immunol., August 15, 2007; 179(4): 2289 - 2299.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
V. Mariani, S. Gilles, T. Jakob, M. Thiel, M. J. Mueller, J. Ring, H. Behrendt, and C. Traidl-Hoffmann
Immunomodulatory Mediators from Pollen Enhance the Migratory Capacity of Dendritic Cells and License Them for Th2 Attraction
J. Immunol., June 15, 2007; 178(12): 7623 - 7631.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
E. M. Pierce, K. Carpenter, C. Jakubzick, S. L. Kunkel, H. Evanoff, K. R. Flaherty, F. J. Martinez, G. B. Toews, and C. M. Hogaboam
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis fibroblasts migrate and proliferate to CC chemokine ligand 21
Eur. Respir. J., June 1, 2007; 29(6): 1082 - 1093.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
C. M. Bertram, S. Baltic, N. L. Misso, K. D. Bhoola, P. S. Foster, P. J. Thompson, and M. Fogel-Petrovic
Expression of kinin B1 and B2 receptors in immature, monocyte-derived dendritic cells and bradykinin-mediated increase in intracellular Ca2+ and cell migration
J. Leukoc. Biol., June 1, 2007; 81(6): 1445 - 1454.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
M.-L. del Rio, J.-I. Rodriguez-Barbosa, E. Kremmer, and R. Forster
CD103- and CD103+ Bronchial Lymph Node Dendritic Cells Are Specialized in Presenting and Cross-Presenting Innocuous Antigen to CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells
J. Immunol., June 1, 2007; 178(11): 6861 - 6866.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
M. C. Courreges, D. Burzyn, I. Nepomnaschy, I. Piazzon, and S. R. Ross
Critical Role of Dendritic Cells in Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus In Vivo Infection
J. Virol., April 15, 2007; 81(8): 3769 - 3777.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
J. Bayry, F. Triebel, S. V. Kaveri, and D. F. Tough
Human Dendritic Cells Acquire a Semimature Phenotype and Lymph Node Homing Potential through Interaction with CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells
J. Immunol., April 1, 2007; 178(7): 4184 - 4193.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
A. Del Prete, W.-H. Shao, S. Mitola, G. Santoro, S. Sozzani, and B. Haribabu
Regulation of dendritic cell migration and adaptive immune response by leukotriene B4 receptors: a role for LTB4 in up-regulation of CCR7 expression and function
Blood, January 15, 2007; 109(2): 626 - 631.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
D. Braun, L. Galibert, T. Nakajima, H. Saito, V. V. Quang, M. Rubio, and M. Sarfati
Semimature Stage: A Checkpoint in a Dendritic Cell Maturation Program That Allows for Functional Reversion after Signal-Regulatory Protein-{alpha} Ligation and Maturation Signals
J. Immunol., December 15, 2006; 177(12): 8550 - 8559.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
F. O. Martinez, S. Gordon, M. Locati, and A. Mantovani
Transcriptional Profiling of the Human Monocyte-to-Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization: New Molecules and Patterns of Gene Expression
J. Immunol., November 15, 2006; 177(10): 7303 - 7311.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
B. Velan, E. Bar-Haim, A. Zauberman, E. Mamroud, A. Shafferman, and S. Cohen
Discordance in the Effects of Yersinia pestis on the Dendritic Cell Functions Manifested by Induction of Maturation and Paralysis of Migration
Infect. Immun., November 1, 2006; 74(11): 6365 - 6376.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
P. Cappello, T. Fraone, L. Barberis, C. Costa, E. Hirsch, A. R. Elia, C. Caorsi, T. Musso, F. Novelli, and M. Giovarelli
CC-Chemokine Ligand 16 Induces a Novel Maturation Program in Human Immature Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., November 1, 2006; 177(9): 6143 - 6151.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
C. Otero, M. Groettrup, and D. F. Legler
Opposite Fate of Endocytosed CCR7 and Its Ligands: Recycling versus Degradation
J. Immunol., August 15, 2006; 177(4): 2314 - 2323.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
M. Dauer, K. Schad, J. Junkmann, C. Bauer, J. Herten, R. Kiefl, M. Schnurr, S. Endres, and A. Eigler
IFN-{alpha} promotes definitive maturation of dendritic cells generated by short-term culture of monocytes with GM-CSF and IL-4
J. Leukoc. Biol., August 1, 2006; 80(2): 278 - 286.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
M. Alfonso-Perez, S. Lopez-Giral, N. E. Quintana, J. Loscertales, P. Martin-Jimenez, and C. Munoz
Anti-CCR7 monoclonal antibodies as a novel tool for the treatment of chronic lymphocyte leukemia
J. Leukoc. Biol., June 1, 2006; 79(6): 1157 - 1165.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
N. Sanchez-Sanchez, L. Riol-Blanco, and J. L. Rodriguez-Fernandez
The Multiple Personalities of the Chemokine Receptor CCR7 in Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., May 1, 2006; 176(9): 5153 - 5159.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
H. Zhou, Y. Luo, C. D. Kaplan, J. A. Kruger, S.-H. Lee, R. Xiang, and R. A. Reisfeld
A DNA-based cancer vaccine enhances lymphocyte cross talk by engaging the NKG2D receptor
Blood, April 15, 2006; 107(8): 3251 - 3257.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
A. Doni, M. Michela, B. Bottazzi, G. Peri, S. Valentino, N. Polentarutti, C. Garlanda, and A. Mantovani
Regulation of PTX3, a key component of humoral innate immunity in human dendritic cells: stimulation by IL-10 and inhibition by IFN-{gamma}
J. Leukoc. Biol., April 1, 2006; 79(4): 797 - 802.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
B. Piqueras, J. Connolly, H. Freitas, A. K. Palucka, and J. Banchereau
Upon viral exposure, myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce 3 waves of distinct chemokines to recruit immune effectors
Blood, April 1, 2006; 107(7): 2613 - 2618.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
M. von Bergwelt-Baildon, A. Shimabukuro-Vornhagen, A. Popov, N. Klein-Gonzalez, F. Fiore, S. Debey, A. Draube, B. Maecker, I. Menezes, L. M. Nadler, et al.
CD40-activated B cells express full lymph node homing triad and induce T-cell chemotaxis: potential as cellular adjuvants
Blood, April 1, 2006; 107(7): 2786 - 2789.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
W. Cao, P. Tan, C. H. Lee, H. Zhang, and J. Lu
A transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein stimulates endocytosis and is up-regulated in immature dendritic cells
Blood, April 1, 2006; 107(7): 2777 - 2785.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
E. Trogan, J. E. Feig, S. Dogan, G. H. Rothblat, V. Angeli, F. Tacke, G. J. Randolph, and E. A. Fisher
Gene expression changes in foam cells and the role of chemokine receptor CCR7 during atherosclerosis regression in ApoE-deficient mice.
PNAS, March 7, 2006; 103(10): 3781 - 3786.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
D. F. Legler, P. Krause, E. Scandella, E. Singer, and M. Groettrup
Prostaglandin E2 Is Generally Required for Human Dendritic Cell Migration and Exerts Its Effect via EP2 and EP4 Receptors
J. Immunol., January 15, 2006; 176(2): 966 - 973.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
S. A. Islam, S. Y. Thomas, C. Hess, B. D. Medoff, T. K. Means, C. Brander, C. M. Lilly, A. M. Tager, and A. D. Luster
The leukotriene B4 lipid chemoattractant receptor BLT1 defines antigen-primed T cells in humans
Blood, January 15, 2006; 107(2): 444 - 453.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
W. Vermi, F. Facchetti, E. Riboldi, H. Heine, S. Scutera, S. Stornello, D. Ravarino, P. Cappello, M. Giovarelli, R. Badolato, et al.
Role of dendritic cell-derived CXCL13 in the pathogenesis of Bartonella henselae B-rich granuloma
Blood, January 15, 2006; 107(2): 454 - 462.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
E. Hatterer, N. Davoust, M. Didier-Bazes, C. Vuaillat, C. Malcus, M.-F. Belin, and S. Nataf
How to drain without lymphatics? Dendritic cells migrate from the cerebrospinal fluid to the B-cell follicles of cervical lymph nodes
Blood, January 15, 2006; 107(2): 806 - 812.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
M. Rimoldi, M. Chieppa, P. Larghi, M. Vulcano, P. Allavena, and M. Rescigno
Monocyte-derived dendritic cells activated by bacteria or by bacteria-stimulated epithelial cells are functionally different
Blood, October 15, 2005; 106(8): 2818 - 2826.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
R. W. DePaolo, R. Lathan, B. J. Rollins, and W. J. Karpus
The Chemokine CCL2 Is Required for Control of Murine Gastric Salmonella enterica Infection
Infect. Immun., October 1, 2005; 73(10): 6514 - 6522.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
K. Vermaelen and R. Pauwels
Pulmonary Dendritic Cells
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2005; 172(5): 530 - 551.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Gen. Virol.Home page
A. T. Prechtel, N. M. Turza, D. J. Kobelt, J. I. Eisemann, R. S. Coffin, Y. McGrath, C. Hacker, X. Ju, M. Zenke, and A. Steinkasserer
Infection of mature dendritic cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 dramatically reduces lymphoid chemokine-mediated migration
J. Gen. Virol., June 1, 2005; 86(6): 1645 - 1657.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Innate ImmunityHome page
P. A. Efron, H. Tsujimoto, F. R. Bahjat, R. Ungaro, J. Debernardis, C. Tannahill, H. V. Baker, C. K. Edwards, and L. L. Moldawer
Differential maturation of murine bone-marrow derived dendritic cells with lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}
Innate Immunity, June 1, 2005; 11(3): 145 - 160.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
S. Paoletti, V. Petkovic, S. Sebastiani, M. G. Danelon, M. Uguccioni, and B. O. Gerber
A rich chemokine environment strongly enhances leukocyte migration and activities
Blood, May 1, 2005; 105(9): 3405 - 3412.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Int ImmunolHome page
C. Lagaraine, C. Hoarau, V. Chabot, F. Velge-Roussel, and Y. Lebranchu
Mycophenolic acid-treated human dendritic cells have a mature migratory phenotype and inhibit allogeneic responses via direct and indirect pathways
Int. Immunol., April 1, 2005; 17(4): 351 - 363.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
H. Iizasa, H. Yoneyama, N. Mukaida, Y. Katakoka, M. Naito, N. Yoshida, E. Nakashima, and K. Matsushima
Exacerbation of Granuloma Formation in IL-1 Receptor Antagonist-Deficient Mice with Impaired Dendritic Cell Maturation Associated with Th2 Cytokine Production
J. Immunol., March 15, 2005; 174(6): 3273 - 3280.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
S. de Noronha, S. Hardy, J. Sinclair, M. P. Blundell, J. Strid, O. Schulz, J. Zwirner, G. E. Jones, D. R. Katz, C. Kinnon, et al.
Impaired dendritic-cell homing in vivo in the absence of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein
Blood, February 15, 2005; 105(4): 1590 - 1597.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
S. Varani, G. Frascaroli, M. Homman-Loudiyi, S. Feld, M. P. Landini, and C. Soderberg-Naucler
Human cytomegalovirus inhibits the migration of immature dendritic cells by down-regulating cell-surface CCR1 and CCR5
J. Leukoc. Biol., February 1, 2005; 77(2): 219 - 228.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
B.-C. Chiu, C. M. Freeman, V. R. Stolberg, J. S. Hu, K. Zeibecoglou, B. Lu, C. Gerard, I. F. Charo, S. A. Lira, and S. W. Chensue
Impaired Lung Dendritic Cell Activation in CCR2 Knockout Mice
Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2004; 165(4): 1199 - 1209.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
D. Avigan
Dendritic Cell-Tumor Fusion Vaccines for Renal Cell Carcinoma
Clin. Cancer Res., September 15, 2004; 10(18): 6347S - 6352S.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
W. L. W. Chang, N. Baumgarth, D. Yu, and P. A. Barry
Human Cytomegalovirus-Encoded Interleukin-10 Homolog Inhibits Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Alters Their Functionality
J. Virol., August 15, 2004; 78(16): 8720 - 8731.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
U. Ritter, F. Wiede, D. Mielenz, Z. Kiafard, J. Zwirner, and H. Korner
Analysis of the CCR7 expression on murine bone marrow-derived and spleen dendritic cells
J. Leukoc. Biol., August 1, 2004; 76(2): 472 - 476.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
N. Sanchez-Sanchez, L. Riol-Blanco, G. de la Rosa, A. Puig-Kroger, J. Garcia-Bordas, D. Martin, N. Longo, A. Cuadrado, C. Cabanas, A. L. Corbi, et al.
Chemokine receptor CCR7 induces intracellular signaling that inhibits apoptosis of mature dendritic cells
Blood, August 1, 2004; 104(3): 619 - 625.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
G. D'Amico, M. Vulcano, C. Bugarin, G. Bianchi, G. Pirovano, M. Bonamino, V. Marin, P. Allavena, E. Biagi, and A. Biondi
CD40 activation of BCP-ALL cells generates IL-10-producing, IL-12-defective APCs that induce allogeneic T-cell anergy
Blood, August 1, 2004; 104(3): 744 - 751.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
S.-C. Yang, S. Hillinger, K. Riedl, L. Zhang, L. Zhu, M. Huang, K. Atianzar, B. Y. Kuo, B. Gardner, R. K. Batra, et al.
Intratumoral Administration of Dendritic Cells Overexpressing CCL21 Generates Systemic Antitumor Responses and Confers Tumor Immunity
Clin. Cancer Res., April 15, 2004; 10(8): 2891 - 2901.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
M. Moutaftsi, P. Brennan, S. A. Spector, and Z. Tabi
Impaired Lymphoid Chemokine-Mediated Migration due to a Block on the Chemokine Receptor Switch in Human Cytomegalovirus-Infected Dendritic Cells
J. Virol., March 15, 2004; 78(6): 3046 - 3054.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
S. Baize, J. Kaplon, C. Faure, D. Pannetier, M.-C. Georges-Courbot, and V. Deubel
Lassa Virus Infection of Human Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Is Productive but Fails to Activate Cells
J. Immunol., March 1, 2004; 172(5): 2861 - 2869.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
Z. Guo, M. Zhang, H. An, W. Chen, S. Liu, J. Guo, Y. Yu, and X. Cao
Fas ligation induces IL-1{beta}-dependent maturation and IL-1{beta}-independent survival of dendritic cells: different roles of ERK and NF-{kappa}B signaling pathways
Blood, December 15, 2003; 102(13): 4441 - 4447.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
S. Russo, B. Bussolati, I. Deambrosis, F. Mariano, and G. Camussi
Platelet-Activating Factor Mediates CD40-Dependent Angiogenesis and Endothelial-Smooth Muscle Cell Interaction
J. Immunol., November 15, 2003; 171(10): 5489 - 5497.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
H. Jing, E. Vassiliou, and D. Ganea
Prostaglandin E2 inhibits production of the inflammatory chemokines CCL3 and CCL4 in dendritic cells
J. Leukoc. Biol., November 1, 2003; 74(5): 868 - 879.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
M. Chieppa, G. Bianchi, A. Doni, A. Del Prete, M. Sironi, G. Laskarin, P. Monti, L. Piemonti, A. Biondi, A. Mantovani, et al.
Cross-Linking of the Mannose Receptor on Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Activates an Anti-Inflammatory Immunosuppressive Program
J. Immunol., November 1, 2003; 171(9): 4552 - 4560.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JEMHome page
V. Wittamer, J.-D. Franssen, M. Vulcano, J.-F. Mirjolet, E. Le Poul, I. Migeotte, S. Brezillon, R. Tyldesley, C. Blanpain, M. Detheux, et al.
Specific Recruitment of Antigen-presenting Cells by Chemerin, a Novel Processed Ligand from Human Inflammatory Fluids
J. Exp. Med., October 6, 2003; 198(7): 977 - 985.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
W. Matsuyama, M. Faure, and T. Yoshimura
Activation of Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Facilitates the Maturation of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Through the TNF Receptor Associated Factor 6/TGF-{beta}-Activated Protein Kinase 1 Binding Protein 1{beta}/p38{alpha} Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascade
J. Immunol., October 1, 2003; 171(7): 3520 - 3532.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
A. Grolleau, D. E. Misek, R. Kuick, S. Hanash, and J. J. Mule
Inducible Expression of Macrophage Receptor Marco by Dendritic Cells Following Phagocytic Uptake of Dead Cells Uncovered by Oligonucleotide Arrays
J. Immunol., September 15, 2003; 171(6): 2879 - 2888.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
M. Jefford, M. Schnurr, T. Toy, K.-A. Masterman, A. Shin, T. Beecroft, T. Y. Tai, K. Shortman, M. Shackleton, I. D. Davis, et al.
Functional comparison of DCs generated in vivo with Flt3 ligand or in vitro from blood monocytes: differential regulation of function by specific classes of physiologic stimuli
Blood, September 1, 2003; 102(5): 1753 - 1763.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
L. Skelton, M. Cooper, M. Murphy, and A. Platt
Human Immature Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Express the G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR105 (KIAA0001, P2Y14) and Increase Intracellular Calcium in Response to its Agonist, Uridine Diphosphoglucose
J. Immunol., August 15, 2003; 171(4): 1941 - 1949.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JEMHome page
N. E. Annels, C. E.T. da Costa, F. A. Prins, A. Willemze, P. C.W. Hogendoorn, and R. M. Egeler
Aberrant Chemokine Receptor Expression and Chemokine Production by Langerhans Cells Underlies the Pathogenesis of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
J. Exp. Med., May 19, 2003; 197(10): 1385 - 1390.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
G. de la Rosa, N. Longo, J. L. Rodriguez-Fernandez, A. Puig-Kroger, A. Pineda, A. L. Corbi, and P. Sanchez-Mateos
Migration of human blood dendritic cells across endothelial cell monolayers: adhesion molecules and chemokines involved in subset-specific transmigration
J. Leukoc. Biol., May 1, 2003; 73(5): 639 - 649.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
O. TURECI, H. BIAN, F. O. NESTLE, L. RADDRIZZANI, J. A. ROSINSKI, A. TASSIS, H. HILTON, M. WALSTEAD, U. SAHIN, and J. HAMMER
Cascades of transcriptional induction during dendritic cell maturation revealed by genome-wide expression analysis
FASEB J, May 1, 2003; 17(8): 836 - 847.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
M. Dauer, B. Obermaier, J. Herten, C. Haerle, K. Pohl, S. Rothenfusser, M. Schnurr, S. Endres, and A. Eigler
Mature Dendritic Cells Derived from Human Monocytes Within 48 Hours: A Novel Strategy for Dendritic Cell Differentiation from Blood Precursors
J. Immunol., April 15, 2003; 170(8): 4069 - 4076.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
K. Schlienger, C. S. Chu, E. Y. Woo, P. M. Rivers, A. J. Toll, B. Hudson, M. V. Maus, J. L. Riley, Y. Choi, G. Coukos, et al.
TRANCE- and CD40 Ligand-matured Dendritic Cells Reveal MHC Class I-restricted T Cells Specific for Autologous Tumor in Late-Stage Ovarian Cancer Patients
Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2003; 9(4): 1517 - 1527.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
M. Vulcano, S. Struyf, P. Scapini, M. Cassatella, S. Bernasconi, R. Bonecchi, A. Calleri, G. Penna, L. Adorini, W. Luini, et al.
Unique Regulation of CCL18 Production by Maturing Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., April 1, 2003; 170(7): 3843 - 3849.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
M. D. Fleming, J. L. Pinkus, S. W. Alexander, C. Tam, M. Loda, S. E. Sallan, K. E. Nichols, D. F. Carpentieri, G. S. Pinkus, and B. J. Rollins
Coincident expression of the chemokine receptors CCR6 and CCR7 by pathologic Langerhans cells in Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Blood, April 1, 2003; 101(7): 2473 - 2475.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
S. Vuckovic, M. Kim, D. Khalil, C. J. Turtle, G. V. Crosbie, N. Williams, L. Brown, K. Williams, C. Kelly, P. Stravos, et al.
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor increases CD123hi blood dendritic cells with altered CD62L and CCR7 expression
Blood, March 15, 2003; 101(6): 2314 - 2317.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
K. Abe, F. O. Yarovinsky, T. Murakami, A. N. Shakhov, A. V. Tumanov, D. Ito, L. N. Drutskaya, K. Pfeffer, D. V. Kuprash, K. L. Komschlies, et al.
Distinct contributions of TNF and LT cytokines to the development of dendritic cells in vitro and their recruitment in vivo
Blood, February 15, 2003; 101(4): 1477 - 1483.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Int ImmunolHome page
S. Nakae, Y. Komiyama, S. Narumi, K. Sudo, R. Horai, Y.-i. Tagawa, K. Sekikawa, K. Matsushima, M. Asano, and Y. Iwakura
IL-1-induced tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} elicits inflammatory cell infiltration in the skin by inducing IFN-{gamma}-inducible protein 10 in the elicitation phase of the contact hypersensitivity response
Int. Immunol., February 1, 2003; 15(2): 251 - 260.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
E. Ferrero, D. Belloni, P. Contini, C. Foglieni, M. E. Ferrero, M. Fabbri, A. Poggi, and M. R. Zocchi
Transendothelial migration leads to protection from starvation-induced apoptosis in CD34+CD14+ circulating precursors: evidence for PECAM-1 involvement through Akt/PKB activation
Blood, January 1, 2003; 101(1): 186 - 193.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JEMHome page
I. Verbovetski, H. Bychkov, U. Trahtemberg, I. Shapira, M. Hareuveni, O. Ben-Tal, I. Kutikov, O. Gill, and D. Mevorach
Opsonization of Apoptotic Cells by Autologous iC3b Facilitates Clearance by Immature Dendritic Cells, Down-regulates DR and CD86, and Up-regulates CC Chemokine Receptor 7
J. Exp. Med., December 16, 2002; 196(12): 1553 - 1561.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
B. J. Weigel, N. Nath, P. A. Taylor, A. Panoskaltsis-Mortari, W. Chen, A. M. Krieg, K. Brasel, and B. R. Blazar
Comparative analysis of murine marrow-derived dendritic cells generated by Flt3L or GM-CSF/IL-4 and matured with immune stimulatory agents on the in vivo induction of antileukemia responses
Blood, December 1, 2002; 100(12): 4169 - 4176.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
K. A. Tolba, W. J. Bowers, J. Muller, V. Housekneckt, R. E. Giuliano, H. J. Federoff, and J. D. Rosenblatt
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Amplicon-mediated Codelivery of Secondary Lymphoid Tissue Chemokine and CD40L Results in Augmented Antitumor Activity
Cancer Res., November 15, 2002; 62(22): 6545 - 6551.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
D. Messmer, J.-M. Jacque, C. Santisteban, C. Bristow, S.-Y. Han, L. Villamide-Herrera, E. Mehlhop, P. A. Marx, R. M. Steinman, A. Gettie, et al.
Endogenously Expressed nef Uncouples Cytokine and Chemokine Production from Membrane Phenotypic Maturation in Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., October 15, 2002; 169(8): 4172 - 4182.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
Y. Cui, Y. Le, H. Yazawa, W. Gong, and J. M. Wang
Potential role of the formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) in inflammatory aspects of Alzheimer's disease
J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2002; 72(4): 628 - 635.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
H. Matsue, C. Yang, K. Matsue, D. Edelbaum, M. Mummert, and A. Takashima
Contrasting Impacts of Immunosuppressive Agents (Rapamycin, FK506, Cyclosporin A, and Dexamethasone) on Bidirectional Dendritic Cell-T Cell Interaction During Antigen Presentation
J. Immunol., October 1, 2002; 169(7): 3555 - 3564.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
S. Beaulieu, D. F. Robbiani, X. Du, E. Rodrigues, R. Ignatius, Y. Wei, P. Ponath, J. W. Young, M. Pope, R. M. Steinman, et al.
Expression of a Functional Eotaxin (CC Chemokine Ligand 11) Receptor CCR3 by Human Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., September 15, 2002; 169(6): 2925 - 2936.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
E. Scandella, Y. Men, S. Gillessen, R. Forster, and M. Groettrup
Prostaglandin E2 is a key factor for CCR7 surface expression and migration of monocyte-derived dendritic cells
Blood, July 30, 2002; 100(4): 1354 - 1361.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
M. Idzko, S. Dichmann, D. Ferrari, F. Di Virgilio, A. la Sala, G. Girolomoni, E. Panther, and J. Norgauer
Nucleotides induce chemotaxis and actin polymerization in immature but not mature human dendritic cells via activation of pertussis toxin-sensitive P2y receptors
Blood, July 18, 2002; 100(3): 925 - 932.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
C. D. Richters, I. Mayen, C. E. G. Havenith, R. H. J. Beelen, and E. W. A. Kamperdijk
Rat monocyte-derived dendritic cells function and migrate in the same way as isolated tissue dendritic cells
J. Leukoc. Biol., April 1, 2002; 71(4): 582 - 587.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
A. la Sala, S. Sebastiani, D. Ferrari, F. Di Virgilio, M. Idzko, J. Norgauer, and G. Girolomoni
Dendritic cells exposed to extracellular adenosine triphosphate acquire the migratory properties of mature cells and show a reduced capacity to attract type 1 T lymphocytes
Blood, March 1, 2002; 99(5): 1715 - 1722.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
M. F. Lipscomb and B. J. Masten
Dendritic Cells: Immune Regulators in Health and Disease
Physiol Rev, January 1, 2002; 82(1): 97 - 130.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
Y.-H. Cui, Y. Le, W. Gong, P. Proost, J. Van Damme, W. J. Murphy, and J. M. Wang
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Selectively Up-Regulates the Function of the Chemotactic Peptide Receptor Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 in Murine Microglial Cells
J. Immunol., January 1, 2002; 168(1): 434 - 442.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
S. Parlato, S. M. Santini, C. Lapenta, T. Di Pucchio, M. Logozzi, M. Spada, A. M. Giammarioli, W. Malorni, S. Fais, and F. Belardelli
Expression of CCR-7, MIP-3beta , and Th-1 chemokines in type I IFN-induced monocyte-derived dendritic cells: importance for the rapid acquisition of potent migratory and functional activities
Blood, November 15, 2001; 98(10): 3022 - 3029.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JEMHome page
A. Bouchon, C. Hernandez-Munain, M. Cella, and M. Colonna
A Dap12-Mediated Pathway Regulates Expression of Cc Chemokine Receptor 7 and Maturation of Human Dendritic Cells
J. Exp. Med., October 15, 2001; 194(8): 1111 - 1122.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
S. Sharma, M. Stolina, L. Zhu, Y. Lin, R. Batra, M. Huang, R. Strieter, and S. M. Dubinett
Secondary Lymphoid Organ Chemokine Reduces Pulmonary Tumor Burden in Spontaneous Murine Bronchoalveolar Cell Carcinoma
Cancer Res., September 1, 2001; 61(17): 6406 - 6412.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
E. PANTHER, M. IDZKO, Y. HEROUY, H. RHEINEN, P. J. GEBICKE-HAERTER, U. MROWIETZ, S. DICHMANN, and J. NORGAUER
Expression and function of adenosine receptors in human dendritic cells
FASEB J, September 1, 2001; 15(11): 1963 - 1970.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
G. Penna, S. Sozzani, and L. Adorini
Cutting Edge: Selective Usage of Chemokine Receptors by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., August 15, 2001; 167(4): 1862 - 1866.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
S.-A. Kellermann and L. M. McEvoy
The Peyer's Patch Microenvironment Suppresses T Cell Responses to Chemokines and Other Stimuli
J. Immunol., July 15, 2001; 167(2): 682 - 690.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
G.B. Toews
Cytokines and the lung
Eur. Respir. J., July 2, 2001; 18(34_suppl): 3S - 17s.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
T. Takayama, A. E. Morelli, N. Onai, M. Hirao, K. Matsushima, H. Tahara, and A. W. Thomson
Mammalian and Viral IL-10 Enhance C-C Chemokine Receptor 5 but Down-Regulate C-C Chemokine Receptor 7 Expression by Myeloid Dendritic Cells: Impact on Chemotactic Responses and In Vivo Homing Ability
J. Immunol., June 15, 2001; 166(12): 7136 - 7143.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Sozzani, S.
Right arrow Articles by Mantovani, A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Sozzani, S.
Right arrow Articles by Mantovani, A.
Right arrowPubmed/NCBI databases
*Substance via MeSH

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS