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Heterogeneity of Bovine Antibodies Produced against Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) Viruses and against a Soluble Antigen of BVD Produced in Cell Cultures

From the National Animal Disease Laboratory, Animal Disease and Parasite Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa

Abstract

Sera from calves inoculated with a cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus, a noncytopathogenic BVD virus, or with a soluble antigen (SA) from a BVD virus were fractionated into heavy (19 S) and light (7 S) components of -globulins by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. These antiserum fractions were tested for precipitating antibodies, for fluorescing antibodies, and for their capacities to neutralize BVD virus in cell cultures. Most 19 S fractions elicited lines of precipitation with a SA of BVD virus, but only the 7 S fraction produced from injections of SA into a calf precipitated, and only weakly, with the BVD-SA in Ouchterlony plates. All fractions, except a 19 S, combined with viral antigen produced in swine kidney cell line (PK-15) cultures in an indirect fluorescent antibody test.

The 19 S fraction predominated in the bovine sera studied and persisted for as long as 20 weeks. Restimulation of animals with antigen did not produce a secondary effect and the "early-19 S," "late-7 S" responses were not present in this immunologic system.

The results of these studies are discussed in relation to studies of heterogeneity of other antigen-antibody systems, especially those dealing with viral systems.