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Studies on Immunity to Toxins of Clostridium Botulinum

IX. Immunologic Response of Man to Purified Pentavalent ABCDE Botulinum Toxoid

From the United States Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland

Abstract

Purified toxins of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, C, D and E were converted to toxoids and adsorbed on aluminum phosphate; four preparations of pentavalent toxoid were investigated in groups of 15 to 30 volunteers. Each pentavalent product contained 1.7 Lf of type A, 0.54 Lf of type B, 50,000 LD₅₀ equivalents of type C, 4 Lf of type D, and 0.5 Lf or 100,000 LD₅₀ equivalents of type E toxoid/ml. All flocculation potencies are referred to standard antitoxins prepared by the Microbiological Research Establishment, Porton, England. Doses of the first preparation of pentavalent toxoid (0.5 ml) were administered subcutaneously at 0, 2 and 10 weeks; the other preparations were given in the same way except that a 0-2-12 week schedule was used. Booster doses of 0.5 ml were given 1 year after the initial injection. Serum antitoxin titers of individuals were determined 12 to 14 and 52 weeks after the initial injection, and again 8 weeks after the booster, by neutralization titrations in mice. After the initial series of injections a considerable proportion of the individuals developed antitoxin titers for all or most of the five toxins; the proportion of satisfactory titers varied with the type and also with the preparation. Good booster responses were obtained with all preparations, and antitoxin titers to each of the five types were found in 86 to 100% of the individuals immunized. Stability studies with one preparation showed that the toxoids retained considerable antigenicity for at least 16 months at 4°C.

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