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Pathogenesis of the Specific Inflammatory Reaction of Immunized Animals (Arthus Phenomenon)

The Relation of Local "Sensitization" to Immunity

Henry Phipps Institute of the University of Pennsylvania and the Pathological Laboratory of Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri

Abstract

When an animal has received repeated injections of foreign protein it reacts with acute inflammation often followed by necrosis when the antigen is reinjected into the skin. This reaction, usually designated the Arthus phenomenon, has been described as skin hypersensitiveness, local anaphylaxis, etc. It is not limited to the skin, for tissues of internal organs, for example, the lungs or serous membranes, exhibit a similar heightened inflammatory reaction in consequence of repeated protein injections. The reaction makes its appearance within ten days after the injection of protein but does not reach maximum intensity until the animal has received six or eight injections at intervals of several days. No relation to anaphylactic shock has been established.

The Arthus phenomenon resembles very closely the tuberculin, luetin and typhoidin reactions which are produced when poducts derived from a microörganism are injected into an individual who has been invaded by the corresponding microörganism.