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Specificity of Allergic Reactions

V. Observations on the Systemic Delayed Reaction in Guinea Pigs Sensitized to Purified Protein-Conjugates

From the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana

Abstract

Guinea pigs sensitized with a protein conjugate, such as para-aminobenzoic acid coupled to hen egg albumin (PABA-HEA), develop delayed hypersensitivity directed to the protein moiety. During this early period, febrile reactions occur when the animals are challenged intraperitoneally with 5 mg of the carrier protein or the complete antigen. Challenge with the hapten (PABA) attached to a heterologous protein does not elicit any response. When, however, circulating antibody appears concomitantly with the delayed hypersensitivity, e.g., at 12 days, intraperitoneal challenge with the conjugate may elicit signs of delayed shock, although challenge with the protein induces fever. Challenge with hapten conjugated to heterologous protein elicits hypothermia and other signs typical of delayed shock. Antihistamines do not inhibit the reactions. Hydrocortisone does not affect the febrile response, but has a slight suppressive effect on the hypothermia. By analogy, tuberculin shock may be the systemic response of an animal with both delayed hypersensitivity and circulating antibody to an antigenic complex.