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Demonstration of Gm 1(a) and Anti-Gm 1(a) Specificities by Tanned Cells Coated with Individual -Globulins^{1 ,2}

From the Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California

Abstract

The detection of rheumatoid factors by human Rh_o cells coated with incomplete Rh_o antibody is based on a reaction determined by the genetic (Gm) specificity of the 7 S -globulin coating the cells. Both pooled human -globulin (Cohn Fraction II) and rabbit -globulin lack this specificity and thus are unable to distinguish the anti-Gm specificities of the several rheumatoid factors.

The present study demonstrated that 7 S -globulins isolated from normal human sera by chromatographic techniques and coated on tannic acid-treated sheep erythrocytes retain their Gm specificity. The Gm 1(a) character of several sera and their 7 S -globulin fractions and the anti-Gm 1(a) specificity of several rheumatoid sera were established by correlating the inhibitory capacity of a panel of sera with their Gm 1(a) positivity or negativity as established by the sensitized D cell test. Heating the isolated -globulin to 56°C before coating cells was usually necessary to provide test cells with Gm specificity, whereas preheating the -globulin to 63°C destroyed Gm specificity.

A major limitation of the Gm test system is the scarcity of anti-Rh_o sera capable of distinguishing rheumatoid factors of various anti-Gm specificities.

The described system eliminates the need for anti-Rh_o sera of Gm 1(a+) phenotype and permits the Gm 1(a) classification of normal sera, as well as the detection of rheumatoid factor of anti-Gm 1(a) specificity.

Footnotes

¹ Supported in part by Grants A-1229 and H-5997 from the National Institutes of Health and by funds from the Northern California Chapter of the Arthritis and Rheumatism Foundation, the San Francisco Heart Association, the Research Committee of the Academic Senate of the University of California, and the Research Committee of the University of California School of Medicine.

² Presented at the meeting of the American Rheumatism Association, December 1961, Bethesda, Maryland.