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Hemagglutination and Hemagglutination-Inhibition Studies with Echo Viruses¹

Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York

Abstract

A study of several factors which may affect hemagglutinin (HA) production revealed that a dilute inoculum combined with a relatively late harvest time favored maximum HA titers of ECHO 6 viruses grown in monkey kidney tissue culture. Infectivity to HA ratios of 6 to 7 logs were obtained with viruses which attain high infectivity titers (B phase), while the ratios obtained with the low titer viruses (S phase) were approximately 4 to 5 logs. A survey of ECHO 6 strains revealed that 9 of 24 tested produced HA. HA production could not be correlated with infectivity titers, phase, or number of passages in tissue culture. Cross hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests with hyperimmune rabbit antisera revealed a high degree of specificity among the serotypes tested. Differences were noted among several ECHO 6 HA antigens in their ability to detect HI antibody. Nonspecific inhibition of ECHO virus hemagglutination was demonstrated. Adsorption of sera with 0.1% bentonite resulted in almost complete removal of nonspecific inhibitors, whereas this procedure had no apparent effect on specific HI antibody.

Footnotes

¹ Aided by grants from The National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service (E-2396), and from The National Foundation and presented in part at the 60th Annual Meeting of the Society of American Bacteriologists, Philadelphia, May 3, 1960.

² Markle Scholar in Medical Science.