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Behavior of Intravenously Administered I¹³¹ Diphtheria Toxoid in the Guinea Pig^1,2,

From the Department of Preventive Medicine and the Cancer Research Institute, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, California

Abstract

1. The distribution of I¹³¹ was studied in nonimmune guinea pigs following intravenous administration of trace labeled I¹³¹ diphtheria toxoid.

2. The loss of I¹³¹ from the plasma could be attributed to three exponential components. The major fraction (85–90%) was removed at a rate of 69% per hr (T- = 1.0 hr) and the remaining 10–15% at two rates, one with a half-time of 5.5 hr and the other with a 37-hr half-time.

3. The excretory loss of I¹³¹ from the guinea pigs occurred with two exponential rates, about 70% was excreted with a half-time of 9 hr and the remaining 30% with a half-time of about 100 hr.

4. There was marked localization of I¹³¹ in the liver, spleen and kidney between 2 and 14 hr after administration of the toxoid, as determined by tissue to plasma ratios and I¹³¹ recovery calculations.

5. Both toxin and toxoid are indistinguishable from each other when the concentration time course of I¹³¹ in the plasma and excreta are studied. The tissue distribution, however, differs significantly. I¹³¹ diphtheria toxin appears to be widely and diffusely distributed throughout all the tissues whereas I¹³¹ diphtheria toxoid appears to localize in the reticuloendothelial system (liver and spleen).

Footnotes

This study was supported by Grant E-1004 from the U. S. Public Health Service and by the "CDW Research Fund."

² Presented in part at the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists, April, 1959, Atlantic City, N. J. (1).

³ This study was initiated at the Central Blood Bank of Pittsburgh and the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.