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Studies on Immunity to Toxins of Clostridium Botulinum

V. DETOXIFICATION OF PURIFIED TYPE A AND TYPE B TOXINS, AND THE ANTIGENICITY OF UNIVALENT AND BIVALENT ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE ADSORBED TOXOIDS¹

From the U. S. Army Chemical Corps, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland; and Research Laboratories, Parks, Davis and Company, Detroit, Michigan

Abstract

Procedures were developed for preparation of purified adsorbed toxoids for immunization of man against type A and type B toxins of Clostridium botulinum. Purified toxins were converted to toxoids at pH 5.5 and 35°C, in the presence of 0.6% formalin. The detoxification reactions deviated markedly from first order behavior. Preparations of type A toxin were usually detoxified for guinea pigs in 16 days; type B toxin required 20 days. Although the toxins were initially more toxic for mice than for guinea pigs, detoxification for mice occurred more rapidly than detoxification for guinea pigs. Toxoids were readily adsorbed on aluminum phosphate suspension, and bivalent adsorbed preparations were antigenic in mice, guinea pigs and rabbits. The adsorbed toxoids deteriorated slowly when held at 4°C, but retained appreciable antigenicity after 3 years.

Footnotes

¹ The portion of this work conducted at Parke, Davis and Company was supported by contract with the U. S. Army Chemical Corps, Fort Detrick, Fredrick, Maryland.

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