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Russian Coxsackie A-7 Virus ("AB IV" Strain)—Neuropathogenicity and Comparison with Poliovirus¹

From the Section of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and the Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Abstract

The behavior of the Russian AB IV strain of virus has been observed in mice, chimpanzees and monkeys. The observations of Johnsson and Lundmark (2) and Habel and Loomis (3) that this strain is immunologically identical with Coxsackie A-7 virus and produces characteristic muscle lesions in mice, have been confirmed. It was established, furthermore, that the agent responsible for paralysis in monkeys is also neutralized by Coxsackie A-7 antiserum. Inapparent infection was produced in 2 chimpanzees fed the virus. Nine CNS passages in monkeys have been carried out, and many levels of the CNS of monkeys from passages 1 through 6 have been studied. The disease in monkeys resembles mild paralytic poliomyelitis. Histologically the lesions are similar to those produced by polioviruses, but in general milder in degree, and less restricted in their distribution in the forebrain: certain areas such as the corpus striatum and the temporal and occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex which are rarely, if ever, involved in poliomyelitis, show mild lesions with considerable regularity with the Russian strain of virus.

The Russian strain is concluded to be a member of the A-7 group of Coxsackie viruses which has certain unusual but not unique properties, and in its behavior falls somewhere between the usual Coxsackie and polioviruses.

Footnotes

¹ Aided by a grant from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis.