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Studies on the Interaction of the Large and Small Hemagglutinating Components of Newcastle Disease Virus with Red Cells¹

From the Division of Virology, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Abstract

Partially purified preparations of the L and S components of Newcastle disease virus were obtained from infected allantoic fluid and membrane suspensions, respectively, by differential centrifugation. The L component could be separated also from the infected tissues but S could be detected in allantoic fluid only in relatively low concentrations. The S component was found to be partially sedimentable by centrifugal forces far in excess of those needed for removal of L. Suspension of the L component revealed ID₅₀/HA ratios of the order of 10⁶. In contrast, S preparations gave ratios as low as 10^0.6 and generally below 10².

Whereas L was readily absorbed onto red cells in the cold, only relatively small amounts of S appeared to combine with these cells under the same conditions. No inhibitor of adsorption could be detected in S preparations. The data presented suggest that the S component either possesses greater eluting activity than L or that an elution-promoting factor is present in such preparations.

The L component readily causes hemolysis whereas S according to all indications lacks this property. When red cells were exposed to S and subsequently washed they resisted hemolysis by the L component. Heated S or control material had no such effect.

Only the L component showed the phenomenon of extension of titers in hemagglutinin assays upon repeated resuspension and settling of the red cells at 37°C. Only red cells previously exposed to L at 37°C until stabilized could be agglutinated by dilute NDV-immune serum or were capable of agglutinating normal red cells. These properties, according to Burnet, are closely linked with the hemolytic activity. The facts that S failed to reveal these reactions and was found to be non-hemolytic appear to be in agreement with this suggestion.

Under carefully graded conditions S precedes the L component in the receptor gradient.

Various problems concerning the mechanisms of interaction of these components with red cells have been discussed.

Footnotes

¹ The work described in this paper has been supported by a grant-in-aid from the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service.

² Present address: Public Health Research Institute of the City of New York, New York City.