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The Relation Between the Absorption of Antibodies and the Isolated Protein Bodies

From the Serological Laboratory of the Tokyo Institute for Infectious Diseases

Abstract

The absorption of antibodies obtained together with the isolated proteins, in harmony with the results of investigations by Th. Madsen, J. Henderson-Smith, and Walbum, depends upon the quantity of proteins associated with them. Thus Kraus, in his experiments on absorption of antibodies in normal serum, showed that the maximum degree was attained in fifty-three hours after subcutaneous injection, while it was reached after intraperitoneal injection in thirty hours. But Walbum differs from Kraus in claiming that it took forty hours after intraperitoneal injection to attain the maximum of absorption. This diversity of results is largely due to the difference in the quantity of proteins contained in the serums which they used; but, when the quantity of proteins contained in the material is the same, the absorption of the normal whole serum is faster than that of the isolated proteins. Thus in the practical application of antibodies, it is useless to try to increase the antibody values by means of sheer concentration, without taking into account the quantity of proteins contained in the preparation, if one is to work for the maximum speed of absorption. Hence, we insist on the use of antibodies completely isolated by means of ammonium sulphate, which are associated with comparatively small quantities of proteins. We may draw the following conclusions:

1. The rate of absorption of antibody depends upon the quantity of proteins associated with it.

2. The quantity of proteins contained being the same, the rate of absorption of antibody associated with isolated protein bodies is slower than that of the whole normal serum.

3. There is no difference in the rate of absorption of the antibodies of each isolated protein.

4. Hence there is an advantage in preferring isolated protein bodies, containing a minimum of protein, in the use of antibodies.