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Responses of Human Subjects to Vaccines in Saline-in-Mineral Oil Emulsion

II. Hemophilis Pertussis Vaccines

Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, the Children's Hospital, and the Wyeth Institute of Applied Biochemistry, Philadelphia, Pa.

Abstract

Three groups of adult donors were inoculated with Hemophilis pertussis bacterial vaccine of exceptional antigenicity. One group of 5 donors received 3 injections of saline vaccine totalling 75 billion cells. The other groups of 5 donors each received, respectively, 30 billion and 75 billion cells emulsified in Falba and mineral oil. All 3 groups developed approximately maximal antibody responses.

Seven of the 10 subjects injected with the emulsified vaccine retained palpable nodules at the injection sites for 6 to 12 months. In several instances these nodules became tender and increased in size periodically. In 6 of the 10 subjects the abscesses ruptured spontaneously or required incision. No bacteria were cultivated from the pus evacuated. Reinjection of vaccine or even of a skin test dose of agglutinogen caused rapid but evanescent focal inflammation at the sites of the persistent nodules.

These focal reactions about the depôts of H. pertussis bacterial vaccine are interpreted as instances of bacterial hypersensitivity, coexistent with hypersensitivity of the Arthus type which is believed to be the basis of the pertussis skin-test.

The use in human subjects of pertussis vaccine emulsified in oil in the present dosage is obviously impracticable.