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Active Immunization against Poliomyelitis. A Comparative Study¹

I. Attempts at Immunization of Monkeys and Children with Formalized Virus

From the Laboratories of the Infantile Paralysis Commission of the Long Island College of Medicine

Abstract

In this, the first part of our comparative study of active immunizing agents, efforts were made employing the technique recommended by Brodie to duplicate the responses obtained by him in the experimental animal and in children, with 5 cc. of a 10 per cent suspension of virus (corresponding to 0.5 gram of cord) rendered non-infective with 0.1 per cent formalin. Brodie states that he has produced an immunity sufficiently great to compare favorably with the immunity resulting from a frank attack of the experimental disease with residual paralysis (15).

Such response was not apparent in our experiments. The serums of only two of the animals neutralized 0.1 cc. of a 5 per cent suspension of virus, and both of these animals succumbed to 0.01 cc. of virus. Essentially identical results were obtained in the series of animals treated with 10 cc. formalized material, corresponding to 1 gram of poliomyelitis cord. Of the three animals that gave some evidence of neutralizing substance in their blood, 2 succumbed to 0.01 cc. of a 5 per cent suspension of virus (or one-tenth of the minimal constant infective dose) and the third died of intercurrent infection.

A group of 14 non-immune children were inoculated with 5 cc. of formalized virus supplied and administered in the manner recommended by Brodie. These children were again bled one to two months later and their serums tested for the presence of neutralizing substance. Seven of the 14 children, or 50 per cent, had developed neutralizing substance in their serums at the time of the second bleeding. A control group of 17 non-immune children (as indicated by the absence of neutralizing substance in their serums at the time of the first bleeding) were again bled from one to three months later. Seven of these 17 children, or approximately 41 per cent, had developed neutralizing substance in their serums. A difference of 9 per cent in favor of the vaccinated group does not appear significant.

Footnotes

¹ Part I of this work was supported by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, an anonymous gift, and by public contribution. Part II was supported by grants from the Rockefeller Foundation, the Friedsam Foundation, and by a grant from the President's Birthday Ball Commission for Infantile Paralysis Research.