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Tests for Immunity to Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis

II. Skin Reactions to Virus

From the Department of Medicine of Temple University and the Research Institute of Cutaneous Medicine of Philadelphia

Abstract

1. The intracutaneous injection of 0.05 cc. of 5, 10 and 20 per cent suspensions of monkey poliomyelitis spinal cord did not produce in normal Macacus rhesus monkeys any reactions ascribable to the virus.

2. Normal Macacus rhesus monkeys receiving intracutaneous injections of 0.1 cc. of a Berkefeld filtrate of the Kolmer vaccine of 4 per cent monkey poliomyelitis spinal cord in 1 per cent sodium ricinoleate showed mild temporary reactions ascribed to the effects of sodium ricinoleate.

3. The intracutaneous injection of monkeys vaccinated fourteen months previously by 10 daily subcutaneous injections of Kolmer vaccine in dose of 0.05 cc. per kilogram of weight, with 0.05 cc. of 10 and 20 per cent suspensions of monkey poliomyelitis spinal cord produced no reactions ascribable to the effects of virus or possible acquired allergic sensitization to spinal cord protein.

4. Among 34 human adults given intracutaneous injections of 0.1 cc. of the Kolmer vaccine or a Berkefeld filtrate of it, mild temporary reactions occurred in 2 which were ascribed to the effects of sodium ricinoleate. There were no evidences of reactions due to virus or to natural allergic sensitization to monkey spinal cord protein.

5. Among 6 children varying in age from twenty-two months to seven years receiving intracutaneous injections of 0.1 cc. of Kolmer vaccine temporary reactions occurred in 3. Of 6 children varying in age from seven to twelve years receiving intracutaneous injections of 0.1 cc. of a Berkefeld filtrate of this vaccine, mild temporary reactions occurred in one. These reactions were ascribed to the irritating effects of sodium ricinoleate and spinal cord tissue rather than to attenuated virus or natural allergic sensitization to monkey spinal cord protein.

6. Among 18 children varying in age from eight months to eleven years receiving 3 subcutaneous injections of Kolmer vaccine at weekly intervals, 4 showed mild to moderate reactions following the intracutaneous injection of 0.1 cc. of Kolmer vaccine given about seven days after the last dose of vaccine. These reactions were ascribed to the irritant effects of sodium ricinoleate and spinal cord tissue plus the possibility of acquired allergic sensitization to monkey spinal cord protein in the vaccine previously administered in at least one of these.