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Diphtheria Toxoid. Preparation and Dosage

From the New York City Health Department, Research Laboratories

Abstract

Under the old nomenclature the term "toxoid" meant a slightly toxic diphtheria toxin which was used instead of toxin-antitoxin in some cases for immunization against diphtheria (1). At present Ramon's "Anatoxin" and "Toxoid" are synonymous terms in this country. Under the regulation of the Hygienic Laboratories of the Public Health Service "toxoid" or "anatoxin" should not possess any toxicity.

Detoxification shall be so complete that five human doses given subcutaneously in guinea pigs weighing 300 grams will cause no signs of diphtheria poisoning, including paralysis at any time during a period of thirty days.

The minimum antigenic requirements are put down as follows:

The original toxin from which the toxoid is made shall have an L + dose of not more than 0.20 cc. or an M.L.D. of not more than 0.0025 cc.

At least ten guinea pigs weighing 270 to 320 grams shall receive subcutaneously the initial human dose.