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Comparative Study of the Anaphylactic and Tuberculin Types of Hypersensitiveness

I. General Reactions Similar to the Tuberculin Shock in Tuberculous Guinea Pigs Sensitized with Various Antigens

From the Von Ruck Research Laboratory for Tuberculosis, Asheville, N. C.

Abstract

Tuberculous guinea pigs sensitized with egg white and also with various other antigens often die after intraperitoneal injection in a protracted shock which is similar in many respects to the tuberculin shock. It is of special significance that a strong hemorrhagic reaction develops around the tuberculous lesion. This hemorrhagic reaction is not the result of the special sensitiveness of the lesion, it might be present in any inflammatory area without regard to the origin of the inflammation.

The eggwhite shock differs in two points from the tuberculin shock. The symptoms often begin to develop early after the injection, and in the early phases of the reaction and in the slight reactions usually a drop of temperature is present. These differences are probably connected with the presence of the usual anaphylactic sensitiveness after treatment with eggwhite. When the latter is associated with the tuberculin sensitiveness, the tuberculin shock often presents the same temperature curve and early onset of symptoms as the eggwhite shock.

The capacity to react with severe protracted shock develops later after the treatment than either the tuberculin type of skin sensitiveness or anaphylaxis. We observed it only in actively sensitized guinea pigs, and our experiments to transfer it passively remained unsuccessful. The different manifestations of the hypersensitive condition develop in a large measure independently from each other. The independence of the severe protracted shock from the anaphylactic shock is shown also by the observation that the desensitization to the acute anaphylactic shock does not interfere with the development of the severe protracted shock.

The severe protracted eggwhite shock and tuberculin shock are probably analogous processes; but without a more thorough understanding of the physiologic mechanism of the reaction this conclusion must be regarded as only provisory.