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A Study of the Comparative Value of Rough and Smooth Strains of B. Typhosus in the Preparation of Typhoid Vaccines

From the Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Harvard University Medical School

Abstract

That prophylactic vaccination has been of the greatest value in reducing the incidence of typhoid fever, especially in military organizations under war conditions, as well as in times of peace, can hardly be questioned. The instances, however, of failure of such vaccination to protect against ordinary exposure to typhoid are sufficiently frequent to suggest that the present procedure is open to improvement.

A number of writers (1) have, on the basis of active and passive protection experiments with laboratory animals, and also on theoretical grounds, pointed out the probable importance of selecting smooth, virulent strains of the organisms used in preparing the vaccines. Larkum (2) obtained six strains of B. typhosus "Rawlins" used by different laboratories in the preparation of vaccines and found that five of them were non-virulent rough strains.