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Cutting Edge: Shift in Antigen Dependence by an Antiviral MHC Class Ib-Restricted CD8 T Cell Response during Persistent Viral Infection¹

Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322

The requirement for Ag in maintaining memory CD8 T cells often differs between infections that are acutely resolved and those that persist. Using the mouse polyoma virus (PyV) persistent infection model, we recently described a novel CD8 T cell response directed to a PyV peptide presented by Q9, an MHC class Ib molecule. This antiviral Q9-restricted CD8 T cell response is characterized by a 3-mo expansion phase followed by a long-term plateau phase. In this study, we demonstrate that viral Ag is required for this protracted inflation phase but is dispensable for the maintenance of this Q9-restricted CD8 T cell response. Moreover, proliferation by memory T cells, not recruitment of naive PyV-specific T cells, is primarily responsible for Q9-restricted, anti-PyV CD8 T cell inflation. These data reveal a dynamic shift in Ag dependence by an MHC class Ib-restricted memory CD8 T cell response during a persistent viral infection.

The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R01CA71971.

² Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Aron E. Lukacher, Department of Pathology, Woodruff Memorial Research Building, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322. E-mail address: alukach{at}emory.edu

³ Abbreviations used in this paper: LCMV, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; MCMV, mouse CMV; p.i., postinfection; PyV, mouse polyomavirus; VV, vaccinia virus.