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Cutting Edge: In Vitro Generated Th17 Cells Maintain Their Cytokine Expression Program in Normal but Not Lymphopenic Hosts¹

Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030

Upon activation, naive CD4⁺ T cells differentiate into effector Th cell subsets. The stability and plasticity of effector Th cells have not been well understood. In this study we used an IL-17F-red fluorescent protein reporter mouse to analyze the plasticity of Th17 cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that in vitro generated Th17 cells poorly maintained their differentiation program in vitro and could be reprogrammed into other T cell lineages. Moreover, upon transfer into lymphopenic hosts, Th17 cells rapidly lost their IL-17 expression and were converted into Th1 cells independently of IL-7 signaling. However, Th17 cells maintained their phenotypes well in normal animals, even in the absence of Ag and inflammation. These results, although suggesting the plasticity of Th17 cells, also indicate active maintenance of their program in vivo.

The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ The work is supported in part by National Institutes of Health Research Grant AR050772 (to C.D.) and a grant from the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society. R.N. is a recipient of a Scientist Development Grant from the American Heart Association. C.D. is a Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Scholar, a Trust Fellows of the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, a Cancer Research Institute Investigator, and an American Lung Association Career Investigator.

² R.N., X.O.Y., and Y.C. contributed equally to this study.

³ Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Chen Dong, Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Unit 906, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail address: cdong{at}mdanderson.org

⁴ Abbreviations used in this paper: ROR, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor; iTreg, inducible Treg; RFP, red fluorescent protein.

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