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* Department of Immunobiology and
Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520;
TransTech Pharma, High Point, NC 27265; and
Department of Medicine and
¶ Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
The pattern recognition receptor, RAGE, has been shown to be involved in adaptive immune responses but its role on the components of these responses is not well understood. We have studied the effects of a small molecule inhibitor of RAGE and the deletion of the receptor (RAGE–/– mice) on T cell responses involved in autoimmunity and allograft rejection. Syngeneic islet graft and islet allograft rejection was reduced in NOD and B6 mice treated with TTP488, a small molecule RAGE inhibitor (p < 0.001). RAGE–/– mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes showed delayed rejection of islet allografts compared with wild type (WT) mice (p < 0.02). This response in vivo correlated with reduced proliferative responses of RAGE–/– T cells in MLRs and in WT T cells cultured with TTP488. Overall T cell proliferation following activation with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAbs were similar in RAGE–/– and WT cells, but RAGE–/– T cells did not respond to costimulation with anti-CD28 mAb. Furthermore, culture supernatants from cultures with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAbs showed higher levels of IL-10, IL-5, and TNF-
with RAGE–/– compared with WT T cells, and WT T cells showed reduced production of IFN-
in the presence of TTP488, suggesting that RAGE may be important in the differentiation of T cell subjects. Indeed, by real-time PCR, we found higher levels of RAGE mRNA expression on clonal T cells activated under Th1 differentiating conditions. We conclude that activation of RAGE on T cells is involved in early events that lead to differentiation of Th1+ T cells.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
1 This work was supported by Grant 2004-808 from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation.
2 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Kevan Herold, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, S155B, New Haven, CT 06520. E-mail address: kevan.herold{at}yale.edu
3 Abbreviations used in this paper: RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation endproduct; sRAGE, soluble RAGE; WT, wild type; DC, dendritic cell.
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