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T Cells Plays a Critical Role in Innate Immunity against Listeria monocytogenes Infection in the Liver1
* Molecular Microbiology Group and
Immunobiology Group, Center of Molecular Biosciences,
Division of Child Health and Welfare,
Division of Host Defense and Vaccinology,
¶ Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, and
|| Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan;
# Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Infection Control Center, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan;
** Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206;
Laboratory of Biological Protection, Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;
* Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
* Center for Experimental Medicine, Institution of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
IL-17A is originally identified as a proinflammatory cytokine that induces neutrophils. Although IL-17A production by CD4+ Th17 T cells is well documented, it is not clear whether IL-17A is produced and participates in the innate immune response against infections. In the present report, we demonstrate that IL-17A is expressed in the liver of mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes from an early stage of infection. IL-17A is important in protective immunity at an early stage of listerial infection in the liver because IL-17A-deficient mice showed aggravation of the protective response. The major IL-17A-producing cells at the early stage were TCR 
T cells expressing TCR V4 or V6. Interestingly, TCR T cells expressing both IFN- and IL-17A were hardly detected, indicating that the IL-17A-producing TCR T cells are distinct from IFN--producing T cells, similar to the distinction between Th17 and Th1 in CD4+ T cells. All the results suggest that IL-17A is a newly discovered effector molecule produced by TCR T cells, which is important in innate immunity in the liver.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
1 This work was supported in part by the Program of Founding Research Centers for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, a Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research from Japan Society for Promotion of Science, and a grant from Takeda Science Foundation.
2 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Goro Matsuzaki, Molecular Microbiology Group, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-01213, Japan. E-mail address: matsuzak{at}comb.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
3 Abbreviations used in this paper: BM, bone marrow; mBD, mouse β-defensin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity.
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