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c-Signaling Cytokines Induce a Regulatory T Cell Phenotype in Malignant CD4+ T Lymphocytes1
* Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
Department of Pathology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107;
Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096;
¶ Department of Pathology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19129;
|| Department of Dermatology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287; and
# Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
In this study, we demonstrate that malignant mature CD4+ T lymphocytes derived from cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) variably display some aspects of the T regulatory phenotype. Whereas seven cell lines representing a spectrum of primary cutaneous T cell lymphoproliferative disorders expressed CD25 and TGF-β, the expression of FOXP3 and, to a lesser degree, IL-10 was restricted to two CTCL cell lines that are dependent on exogeneous IL-2. IL-2, IL-15, and IL-21, all of which signals through receptors containing the common 
chain, induced expression of IL-10 in the IL-2-dependent cell lines as well as primary leukemic CTCL cells. However, only IL-2 and IL-15, but not IL-21, induced expression of FOXP3. The IL-2-triggered induction of IL-10 and FOXP3 expression occurred by signaling through STAT3 and STAT5, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis of the CTCL tissues revealed that FOXP3-expressing cells were common among the CD7-negative enlarged atypical and small lymphocytes at the early skin patch and plaque stages. Their frequency was profoundly diminished at the tumor stage and in the CTCL lymph node lesions with or without large cell transformation. These results indicate that the T regulatory cell features are induced in CTCL T cells by common chain signaling cytokines such as IL-2 and do not represent a fully predetermined, constitutive phenotype independent of the local environmental stimuli to which these malignant mature CD4+ T cells become exposed.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
1 This work was supported in part by grants from the National Cancer Institute and Danish Cancer Society.
2 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Mariusz A. Wasik, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail address: wasik{at}mail.med.upenn.edu
3 Abbreviations used in this paper: CTCL, cutaneous T cell lymphoma; SS, Sezary syndrome; Treg, regulatory T cell; c, common -chain; EIA, enzyme immunoassay; siRNA, small-interfering RNA.
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