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Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Contributes to Host Defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia but Is Not Essential for the Accompanying Inflammatory and Procoagulant Response¹

Marieke A. D. van Zoelen^2,*,, Sandrine Florquin, Joost C. M. Meijers, Regina de Beer^*,, Alex F. de Vos^*,, Onno J. de Boer and Tom van der Poll^*,

^* Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department for Pathology, and Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of nosocomial pneumonia, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Because of its ubiquitous nature and its ability to develop resistance to antibiotics, it is a problematic pathogen from a treatment perspective. Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) is involved in phagocytosis of several pathogens. To determine the role of PAFR in the innate immune response to P. aeruginosa pneumonia, pafr gene-deficient (PAFR^–/–) mice and normal wild-type (Wt) mice were intranasally inoculated with P. aeruginosa. PAFR deficiency impaired host defense as reflected by increased bacterial outgrowth and dissemination in mice with a targeted deletion of the PAFR gene. PAFR^–/– neutrophils showed a diminished phagocytosing capacity of P. aeruginosa in vitro. Relative to Wt mice, PAFR^–/– mice demonstrated increased lung inflammation and injury as reflected by histopathology, relative lung weights and total protein concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, which was accompanied by higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in lung homogenates and plasma. In addition, PAFR deficiency was associated with exaggerated local and systemic activation of coagulation as determined by fibrin staining of lung tissue and pulmonary and plasma concentrations of thrombin-antithrombin complexes and D-dimer. These data suggest that PAFR is an essential component of an effective host response to P. aeruginosa pneumonia, at least partly via its contribution to the phagocytic properties of professional granulocytes. Additionally, our results indicate that PAFR signaling is not essential for the induction of a local and systemic inflammatory and procoagulant response to Pseudomonas pneumonia.

The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ This work was performed at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

² Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Marieke A. D. van Zoelen, Academic Medical Center, Room G2-130, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail address: M.A.vanZoelen{at}amc.uva.nl

³ Abbreviations used in this paper: PAF, platelet-activating factor; PAFR, PAF receptor; Wt, wild type; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; MPO, myeloperoxidase; KC, keratinocyte-derived chemokine; TATc, thrombin-anithrombin complex.