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The Relationship of Two Hemotoxic Antigens in B. Welchii Growth Products

From the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, New York City

Abstract

In the sterile filtrates of B. welchii broth cultures two hemotoxins have been demonstrated. One of these designated as A is active in vitro and probably to some extent in vivo; the other, B, causes no hemolysis in vitro but marked blood destruction in vivo. These two principles were not completely separated.

The hemotoxin A (hemolysin) was produced in such strength that 0.0075 cc. completely lysed 1 cc. of 5 per cent washed red blood sheep cells in eighteen hours.

Hemotoxin B was generally found to be much more toxic for pigeons than A.

Immune sera were produced with these two hemotoxins. It was found that anti-hemotoxin A serum in high dilution would neutralize its homologous antigen whereas anti-hemotoxin B had no effect on it.

On intravenous inoculation into rabbits it has been found that hemotoxin B alone caused approximately as marked an anemia as a mixture of A and B. Although A apparently gave rise to a more rapid initial hemolysis in vitro than B, the continuing anemia and morphological blood changes were evidently due to the action of hemotoxin B.