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Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
In nonexcitable cells, receptor stimulation evokes Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum stores followed by Ca2+ influx through store-operated Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane. In mast cells, store-operated entry is mediated via Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. In this study, we find that stimulation of muscarinic receptors in cultured mast cells results in Ca2+-dependent activation of protein kinase C
and the mitogen activated protein kinases ERK1/2 and this is required for the subsequent stimulation of the enzymes Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase, generating the intracellular messenger arachidonic acid and the proinflammatory intercellular messenger leukotriene C4. In cell population studies, ERK activation, arachidonic acid release, and leukotriene C4 secretion were all graded with stimulus intensity. However, at a single cell level, Ca2+ influx was related to agonist concentration in an essentially all-or-none manner. This paradox of all-or-none CRAC channel activation in single cells with graded responses in cell populations was resolved by the finding that increasing agonist concentration recruited more mast cells but each cell responded by generating all-or-none Ca2+ influx. These findings were extended to acutely isolated rat peritoneal mast cells where muscarinic or P2Y receptor stimulation evoked all-or-none activation of Ca2+entry but graded responses in cell populations. Our results identify a novel way for grading responses to agonists in immune cells and highlight the importance of CRAC channels as a key pharmacological target to control mast cell activation.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
1 This work was supported by an Medical Research Council Programme Grant (to A.B.P.). W.-C.C. was a recipient of an Overseas Research Studentship award and J.D.C. held a Christopher Welch Scholarship.
2 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Prof. Anant Parekh, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford, U.K. E-mail address: anant.parekh{at}dpag.ox.ac.uk
3 Abbreviations used in this paper: CRAC, Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+; cPLA2, Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2; LTC4, leukotriene C4; InsP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; 2-APB, 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borate.
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