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* University of Orleans and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Molecular Immunology and Embryology, Orleans, France; and
Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
MyD88, the common adapter involved in TLR, IL-1, and IL-18 receptor signaling, is essential for the control of acute Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. Although TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 have been implicated in the response to mycobacteria, gene disruption for these TLRs impairs only the long-term control of MTB infection. Here, we addressed the respective role of IL-1 and IL-18 receptor pathways in the MyD88-dependent control of acute MTB infection. Mice deficient for IL-1R1, IL-18R, or Toll-IL-1R domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) were compared with MyD88-deficient mice in an acute model of aerogenic MTB infection. Although primary MyD88-deficient macrophages and dendritic cells were defective in cytokine production in response to mycobacterial stimulation, IL-1R1-deficient macrophages exhibited only a reduced IL-12p40 secretion with unaffected TNF, IL-6, and NO production and up-regulation of costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86. Aerogenic MTB infection of IL-1R1-deficient mice was lethal within 4 wk with 2-log higher bacterial load in the lung and necrotic pneumonia but efficient pulmonary CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, as seen in MyD88-deficient mice. Mice deficient for IL-18R or TIRAP controlled acute MTB infection. These data demonstrate that absence of IL-1R signal leads to a dramatic defect of early control of MTB infection similar to that seen in the absence of MyD88, whereas IL-18R and TIRAP are dispensable, and that IL-1, together with IL-1-induced innate response, might account for most of MyD88-dependent host response to control acute MTB infection.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
1 B.R. and V.F.J.Q. contributed equally to this study as senior authors.
2 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Drs. Valerie Quesniaux and Bernhard Ryffel, Transgenose Institute, 3B rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans, France. E-mail addresses: bryffel{at}cnrs-orleans.fr and quesniaux{at}cnrs-orleans.fr
3 Abbreviations used in this paper: MTB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; DC, dendritic cell; TIRAP, Toll-IL-1R domain-containing adaptor protein; iNOS, inducible NO synthase; BCG, bacillus Calmette-Guérin; HKLM, heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes; MOI, multiplicity of infection; i.n., intranasally; BLP, bacterial lymphopeptide.
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