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* Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan;
Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan;
Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan;
Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan;
¶ Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan; and
|| School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
The transmembrane chemokine CXCL 16 (CXCL16), which is the same molecule as the scavenger receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein (SR-PSOX), has been shown to mediate chemotaxis and adhesion of CXC chemokine receptor 6-expressing cells such as NKT and activated Th1 cells. We generated SR-PSOX/CXCL16-deficient mice and examined the role of this chemokine in vivo. The mutant mice showed a reduced number of liver NKT cells, and decreased production of IFN-
and IL-4 by administration of 
-galactosylceramide (GalCer). Of note, the GalCer-induced production of IFN- was more severely impaired than the production of IL-4 in SR-PSOX-deficient mice. In this context, SR-PSOX-deficient mice showed impaired sensitivity to GalCer-induced anti-tumor effect mediated by IFN- from NKT cells. NKT cells from wild-type mice showed impaired production of IFN-, but not IL-4, after their culture with GalCer and APCs from mutant mice. Moreover, Propionibacterium acnes-induced in vivo Th1 responses were severely impaired in SR-PSOX-deficient as well as NKT KO mice. Taken together, SR-PSOX/CXCL16 plays an important role in not only the production of IFN- by NKT cells, but also promotion of Th1-inclined immune responses mediated by NKT cells.
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1 This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan and from Solution Oriented Research for Science and Technology of Japan Science and Technology Corporation.
2 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Shin Yonehara, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, South Campus Research Building (Building G), Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. E-mail address: yonehara{at}lif.kyoto-u.ac.jp
3 Abbreviations used in this paper: GalCer, -galactosylceramide; GPT, glutamic pyruvic transaminase; SR-PSOX, scavenger receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein.
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  E. Germanov, L. Veinotte, R. Cullen, E. Chamberlain, E. C. Butcher, and B. Johnston Critical Role for the Chemokine Receptor CXCR6 in Homeostasis and Activation of CD1d-Restricted NKT Cells J. Immunol., July 1, 2008; 181(1): 81 - 91. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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