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Soluble CD14 Discriminates Slight Structural Differences between Lipid As That Lead to Distinct Host Cell Activation¹

Department of Oral Microbiology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan

Soluble CD14 (sCD14) in serum is known to sensitize host cells to LPS. In the present study, the contributions of sCD14 and LPS-binding protein to a lipid A moiety from LPS preparations of periodontopathogenic Fusobacterium nucleatum sp. nucleatum were compared with that of Escherichia coli-type synthetic lipid A (compound 506). F. nucleatum lipid A was identified to be a hexa-acylated fatty acid composed of tetradecanoate (C₁₄) and hexadecanoate (C₁₆), similar to dodecanoate (C₁₂) and C₁₄ in compound 506. The two lipid A specimens exhibited nearly the same reactivity in Limulus amoebocyte lysate assays, though F. nucleatum lipid A showed a weaker lethal toxicity. Both lipid A specimens showed nearly the same activities toward host cells in the absence of FBS, though compound 506 exhibited much stronger activity in the presence of FBS, sCD14, or sCD14 together with LPS-binding protein. Furthermore, native PAGE/Western immunoblot assays demonstrated that F. nucleatum lipid A had a weaker binding to sCD14 as compared with compound 506. These results suggest that sCD14 is able to discriminate the slight structural differences between these lipid As, which causes their distinct host cell activation activities.

The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (B) 18791362 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and the Miyata Research Foundation (A) 06034 of Asahi University (to Y.A.).

² Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Tomohiko Ogawa, Department of Oral Microbiology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851-1 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan. E-mail address: tomo527{at}dent.asahi-u.ac.jp

³ Abbreviations used in this paper: LBP, LPS-binding protein; mCD14, membrane-bound CD14; sCD14, soluble CD14; LAL, Limulus amoebocyte lysate; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; MS, mass spectrometry; MS/MS, tandem MS; D-GalN, D-galactosamine hydrochloride; HGF, human gingival fibroblast; IP-10, IFN--inducible protein 10; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; h, human; TRIF, Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β; TICAM, Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor molecule.

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