| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
Memory B cells are generated in germinal centers (GC) and contribute to serological immunity by rapidly differentiating into plasma cells. Human memory B cells can be identified by the expression of CD27. These cells exhibit more rapid responses than naive (CD27–) B cells following stimulation in vitro, consistent with the heightened kinetics of secondary responses in vivo. CD27+ B cells express mutated Ig V region genes; however a significant proportion continue to express IgM, suggesting the existence of IgM+ memory B cells. The observation that mutated IgM+CD27+ B cells are generated in humans who cannot form GC led to the conclusions that these cells are generated independently of GC and thus are not memory cells and that they mediate responses to T cell-independent Ag. Although some studies support the idea that IgM+CD27+ B cells participate in T cell-independent responses, many others do not. In this review we will provide alternate interpretations of the biology of IgM+CD27+ B cells and propose that they are indeed memory cells.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
1 Work performed in the Tangye laboratory is supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia. K.L.G was the recipient of a Postgraduate Research Award from the University of Sydney and a Cancer Institute New South Wales Research Scholar Award. S.G.T. is the recipient of an R. D. Wright Career Development Award from the NHMRC of Australia.
2 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Stuart Tangye, Immunology and Inflammation Department, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia. E-mail address: s.tangye{at}garvan.org.au
3 Current address: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
4 Abbreviations used in this paper: GC, germinal center; AID, activation-induced cytidine deaminase; CVID, common variable immunodeficiency; HIGM, hyper-IgM; MZ, marginal zone; PB, peripheral blood; SHM, somatic hypermutation; TD, T dependent; TI, T independent; XLP, X-linked lymphoproliferative disease.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. Chaganti, E. M. Heath, W. Bergler, M. Kuo, M. Buettner, G. Niedobitek, A. B. Rickinson, and A. I. Bell Epstein-Barr virus colonization of tonsillar and peripheral blood B-cell subsets in primary infection and persistence Blood, June 18, 2009; 113(25): 6372 - 6381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Tuaillon, D. Valea, P. Becquart, Y. Al Tabaa, N. Meda, K. Bollore, P. Van de Perre, and J.-P. Vendrell Human Milk-Derived B Cells: A Highly Activated Switched Memory Cell Population Primed to Secrete Antibodies J. Immunol., June 1, 2009; 182(11): 7155 - 7162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. S. Longo, P. L. Lugar, S. Yavuz, W. Zhang, P. H. L. Krijger, D. E. Russ, D. D. Jima, S. S. Dave, A. C. Grammer, and P. E. Lipsky Analysis of somatic hypermutation in X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome shows specific deficiencies in mutational targeting Blood, April 16, 2009; 113(16): 3706 - 3715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Tabrizi, H. Niiro, M. Masui, G. Yoshimoto, T. Iino, Y. Kikushige, T. Wakasaki, E. Baba, S. Shimoda, T. Miyamoto, et al. T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 1 and Galectin-1 Regulate Survival/Cell Death Pathways in Human Naive and IgM+ Memory B Cells through Altering Balances in Bcl-2 Family Proteins J. Immunol., February 1, 2009; 182(3): 1490 - 1499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. Good, D. T. Avery, and S. G. Tangye Resting Human Memory B Cells Are Intrinsically Programmed for Enhanced Survival and Responsiveness to Diverse Stimuli Compared to Naive B Cells J. Immunol., January 15, 2009; 182(2): 890 - 901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. A. Doria-Rose, R. M. Klein, M. M. Manion, S. O'Dell, A. Phogat, B. Chakrabarti, C. W. Hallahan, S. A. Migueles, J. Wrammert, R. Ahmed, et al. Frequency and Phenotype of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope-Specific B Cells from Patients with Broadly Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies J. Virol., January 1, 2009; 83(1): 188 - 199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Bekeredjian-Ding, A. Doster, M. Schiller, P. Heyder, H.-M. Lorenz, B. Schraven, U. Bommhardt, and K. Heeg TLR9-Activating DNA Up-Regulates ZAP70 via Sustained PKB Induction in IgM+ B Cells J. Immunol., December 15, 2008; 181(12): 8267 - 8277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Moens, M. Wuyts, I. Meyts, K. De Boeck, and X. Bossuyt Human Memory B Lymphocyte Subsets Fulfill Distinct Roles in the Anti-Polysaccharide and Anti-Protein Immune Response J. Immunol., October 15, 2008; 181(8): 5306 - 5312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Wasserstrom, J. Bussel, L. C.-L. Lim, and C. Cunningham-Rundles Memory B Cells and Pneumococcal Antibody After Splenectomy J. Immunol., September 1, 2008; 181(5): 3684 - 3689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. T. Avery, V. L. Bryant, C. S. Ma, R. de Waal Malefyt, and S. G. Tangye IL-21-Induced Isotype Switching to IgG and IgA by Human Naive B Cells Is Differentially Regulated by IL-4 J. Immunol., August 1, 2008; 181(3): 1767 - 1779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Chaganti, C. S. Ma, A. I. Bell, D. Croom-Carter, A. D. Hislop, S. G. Tangye, and A. B. Rickinson Epstein-Barr virus persistence in the absence of conventional memory B cells: IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells harbor the virus in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease patients Blood, August 1, 2008; 112(3): 672 - 679. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Mietzner, M. Tsuiji, J. Scheid, K. Velinzon, T. Tiller, K. Abraham, J. B. Gonzalez, V. Pascual, D. Stichweh, H. Wardemann, et al. Autoreactive IgG memory antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus arise from nonreactive and polyreactive precursors PNAS, July 15, 2008; 105(28): 9727 - 9732. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Weller, M. Mamani-Matsuda, C. Picard, C. Cordier, D. Lecoeuche, F. Gauthier, J.-C. Weill, and C.-A. Reynaud Somatic diversification in the absence of antigen-driven responses is the hallmark of the IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cell repertoire in infants J. Exp. Med., June 9, 2008; 205(6): 1331 - 1342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Tarlinton Sheepish B cells: evidence for antigen-independent antibody diversification in humans and mice J. Exp. Med., June 9, 2008; 205(6): 1251 - 1254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Dorner, F. Zucol, C. Berger, R. Byland, G. T. Melroe, M. Bernasconi, R. F. Speck, and D. Nadal Distinct Ex Vivo Susceptibility of B-Cell Subsets to Epstein-Barr Virus Infection According to Differentiation Status and Tissue Origin J. Virol., May 1, 2008; 82(9): 4400 - 4412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Frasca, A. M. Landin, S. C. Lechner, J. G. Ryan, R. Schwartz, R. L. Riley, and B. B. Blomberg Aging Down-Regulates the Transcription Factor E2A, Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase, and Ig Class Switch in Human B Cells J. Immunol., April 15, 2008; 180(8): 5283 - 5290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
