| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
* Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
Department of Virology and Immunology, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Göttingen, Germany
The host reaction to infection of the brain contributes to a number of CNS pathologies including neuro-AIDS. In this study, we have identified the accumulation of SIV-specific CTL in the brains of SIV-infected animals who have neurophysiological abnormalities but are otherwise asymptomatic. SIV-specific CTL enter the brain early after viral infection and are maintained in the brain even when those reactive with an immunodominant epitope in Tat are lost from the rest of the body. The specialized CNS environment contributes to this unique outcome. Following SIV infection, brain levels of IL-15 were significantly elevated whereas IL-2 was absent, creating an environment that favors CTL persistence. Furthermore, in response to IL-15, brain-derived CD8+ T cells could expand in greater numbers than those from spleen. The accumulation, persistence, and maintenance of CTL in the brain are closely linked to the increased levels of IL-15 in the absence of IL-2 in the CNS following SIV infection.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
1 This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants MH61224, MH73490, and MH62261.
2 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Maria Cecilia G. Marcondes, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, SP30-2030, La Jolla, CA 92037. E-mail address: cmarcond{at}scripps.edu
3 Abbreviations used in this paper: BAL, bronchioalveolar lavage; p.i., postinfection; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; Ct, cycle threshold; dCt, delta Ct; TBP, TATA box-binding protein; HTLV-I, human T lymphotropic virus type I.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. Liu, N. Gong, X. Huang, A. D. Reynolds, R. L. Mosley, and H. E. Gendelman Neuromodulatory Activities of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in a Murine Model of HIV-1-Associated Neurodegeneration J. Immunol., March 15, 2009; 182(6): 3855 - 3865. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Barcia, A. Gomez, V. de Pablos, E. Fernandez-Villalba, C. Liu, K. M. Kroeger, J. Martin, A. F. Barreiro, M. G. Castro, P. R. Lowenstein, et al. CD20, CD3, and CD40 Ligand Microclusters Segregate Three-Dimensionally In Vivo at B-Cell-T-Cell Immunological Synapses after Viral Immunity in Primate Brain J. Virol., October 15, 2008; 82(20): 9978 - 9993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Enose-Akahata, U. Oh, C. Grant, and S. Jacobson Retrovirally induced CTL degranulation mediated by IL-15 expression and infection of mononuclear phagocytes in patients with HTLV-I-associated neurologic disease Blood, September 15, 2008; 112(6): 2400 - 2410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. M. Mueller, D. H. Do, S. R. Altork, C. M. Artlett, E. J. Gracely, C. D. Katsetos, A. Legido, F. Villinger, J. D. Altman, C. R. Brown, et al. IL-15 Treatment during Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Infection Increases Viral Set Point and Accelerates Disease Progression despite the Induction of Stronger SIV-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses J. Immunol., January 1, 2008; 180(1): 350 - 360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Huitron-Resendiz, M. C. G. Marcondes, C. T. Flynn, C. M. S. Lanigan, and H. S. Fox Effects of simian immunodeficiency virus on the circadian rhythms of body temperature and gross locomotor activity PNAS, September 18, 2007; 104(38): 15138 - 15143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
