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Characterization of B7S3 as a Novel Negative Regulator of T Cells¹

Yang Yang^2,*, Xikui K. Liu^2,, Thang Nguyen^*, Caroline Bishop^*, Daniel Graf and Chen Dong^3,

^* Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030; and Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Hellas, Greece

T cell activation by APCs is regulated by B7-like costimulatory molecules. In this study, we describe a new B7 superfamily member, B7S3, with two differentially spliced isoforms expressed in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. A soluble B7S3-Ig protein bound to professional APC constitutively as well as to activated but not naive T cells. B7S3-Ig treatment greatly inhibited T cell proliferation and IL-2 production. B7S3-Ig also reduced cytokine production by effector T cells. Interestingly, although human genome appears to contain a single-copy B7S3 homolog, the mouse B7S3 gene has 10 relatives within a 2-Mb region constituting a B7S3 gene family. This study identifies B7S3 as a novel negative regulator of T cells, and suggests evolutionarily divergent T cell regulation mechanisms in mammals.

The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ The work is supported by research grants from the National Institutes of Health (to C.D.). Y.Y. and C.B. were recipients of a Howard Hughes Medical Institute predoctoral fellowship, and T.N. was supported by a National Institutes of Health training grant. C.D. is a Cancer Research Institute Investigator and an M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Trust Fellow.

² Y.Y. and X.K.L. contributed equally to this work.

³ Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Chen Dong, Department of Immunology, South Campus Research Building, 7455 Fannin, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail address: cdong{at}mdanderson.org

⁴ Abbreviation used in this paper: poly(I:C), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid.

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