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* Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Montréal, Canada;
Immunodeficiency Service and Division of Haematology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;
Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016;
Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, North Worcester, Massachusetts 01605; and
¶ Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel and Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
The impact of exposure to Ag on the development and maintenance of human CD4+ memory T cells in general and HIV infection in particular is partially understood. In this study, we measured HIV-specific CD4+ T cell proliferative responses against HIV proteins and derived peptides one year after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation in 39 HIV-infected patients who initiated therapy at different times following infection. We show that a brief exposure to HIV of <1 month does not allow the generation of significant detectable frequencies of HIV-specific CD4+ memory T cells. Patients having prolonged cumulative exposure to high viral load due to therapy failures also demonstrated limited HIV-specific CD4+ T cell responses. In contrast, patients exposed to significant levels of virus for periods ranging from 3 to 18 mo showed brisk and broad HIV-specific CD4+ T cell responses 1 year following the onset of therapy intervention. We also demonstrate that the nadir CD4+ T cell count before therapy initiation correlated positively with the breadth and magnitude of these responses. Our findings indicate that the loss of proliferative HIV-specific CD4+ T cell responses is associated with the systemic progression of the disease and that a brief exposure to HIV does not allow the establishment of detectable frequencies of HIV-specific memory CD4+ T cells.
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1 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Rafick-Pierre Sékaly, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 264 René-Lévesque Boulevard East, Montréal, Canada H2X 1P1. E-mail address: rafick-pierre.sekaly{at}umontreal.ca
2 Abbreviations used in this paper: LCMV, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; HA, hemagglutinin; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy.
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