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* Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
Chiron, Siena, Italy
We have examined the intranasal administration of a vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) consisting of the mucosal adjuvant LTK63 and the Ag Ag85B-ESAT-6. Vaccination with LTK63/Ag85B-ESAT-6 gave a strong and sustained Th1 response mediated by IFN-
-secreting CD4 cells, which led to long-lasting protection against tuberculosis, equivalent to that observed with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or Ag85B-ESAT-6 in dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide/monophosphoryl lipid A. Because a crucial element of novel vaccine strategies is the ability to boost BCG-derived immunity, we also tested whether LTK63/Ag85B-ESAT-6 could act as a BCG booster vaccine in BCG-vaccinated mice. We found that vaccinating with LTK63/Ag85B-ESAT-6 strongly boosted prior BCG-stimulated immunity. Compared with BCG-vaccinated nonboosted mice, we observed that infection with M.tb led to a significant increase in anti-M.tb-specific CD4 T cells in the lungs of LTK63/Ag85B-ESAT-6-boosted animals. This correlated with a significant increase in the protection against M.tb in LTK63/Ag85B-ESAT-6-boosted mice, compared with BCG-vaccinated animals. Thus, LTK63/Ag85B-ESAT-6 represents an efficient preventive vaccine against tuberculosis with a strong ability to boost prior BCG immunity.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
1 This study was supported by the European Commission (Mucosal Vaccines for Poverty Releated Diseases) European Union Contract LSHP-CT-2003-503240.
2 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Jes Dietrich, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. E-mail address: JDI{at}ssi.dk
3 Abbreviations used in this paper: M.tb, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; TB, tuberculosis; LT, heat-labile enterotoxin; BCG, bacillus Calmette-Guérin; i.n., intranasal(ly); DDA, dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide; MPL, monophosphoryl lipid A.
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