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The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 177: 5767-5774.
Copyright © 2006 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.

BRIEF REVIEWS

Variability and Exclusion in Host and Parasite: Epigenetic Regulation of Ig and var Expression1

Shira Fraenkel and Yehudit Bergman2

Department of Experimental Medicine and Cancer Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel

The immune system generates highly diverse AgRs of different specificities from a pool of designated genomic loci, each containing large arrays of genes. Ultimately, each B or T cell expresses a receptor of a single type on its surface. Immune evasion by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is mediated by the mutually exclusive expression of a single member of the var family of genes, which encodes variant surface Ags. In this review, we discuss the similarities as well as the unique characteristics of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the establishment of mutually exclusive expression in the immune and parasite systems.

The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

1 This work was supported by research grants from the Israel Academy of Sciences, the National Institutes of Health Program, and Philip Morris USA and Philip Morris International.

2 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Yehudit Bergman, Hubert H. Humphrey Center for Experimental Medicine and Cancer Research, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. E-mail address: yberg{at}md2.hui.ac.il

3 Abbreviations used in this paper: PfEMP1, Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1; TARE, telomere-associated repeat element.






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